one of the three fundamental functions of trigonometry,  1590s (in Thomas Fale's "Horologiographia, the Art of Dialling"), from Latin sinus "fold in a garment, bend, curve, bosom" (see sinus). The Latin word was used mid-12c. by Gherardo of Cremona's Medieval Latin translation of Arabic geometrical texts to render Arabic jiba "chord of an arc, sine" (from Sanskrit jya "bowstring"), which he confused with jaib "bundle, bosom, fold in a garment." The engineering sine wave is attested from 1915.

"after that, afterward," obsolete, from Middle English sine, syne," ultimately a variant of since; also see syne, which is the Scottish form.

"of or relating to sines, pertaining to a sine," 1590s, from sine + -ical.

one of the three fundamental functions of trigonometry,  1630s, contraction of co. sinus, abbreviation of Medieval Latin complementi sinus (see complement + sine). The word was used in Latin c. 1620 by English mathematician Edmund Gunter.

legal Latin, "without issue," from sine "without" (see sans) + prole, ablative of proles "offspring" (see prolific).

"indefinitely," Latin, literally "without (fixed) day," from sine "without" (see sans) + ablative singular of dies "day" (from PIE root *dyeu- "to shine"). Used of adjournments without any specified day or time for reassembling.

"an indispensable condition," Latin, literally "without which not," from sine "without" (see sans) + qua, ablative fem. singular of qui "which" (from PIE root *kwo-, stem of relative and interrogative pronouns), + non "not" (see non-). Feminine to agree with implied causa. The Latin phrase is common in Scholastic use. Sometimes a masculine form, sine quo non, is used when a person is intended. Proper plural is sine quibus non.

1660s, "church benefice with an emolument but without parish duties," from Medieval Latin beneficium sine cura "benefice without care" (of souls), from Latin sine "without" (see sans) + cura, ablative singular of cura "care" (see cure (n.1)). Related: Sinecural.

"without date," an abbreviation of Latin sine anno "without a year," from sine "without" (see sans) + ablative of annus "year" (see annual (adj.)).

"cord or tendon of the body," connecting a muscle to a bone or other body part, Middle English sineu, from Old English seonowe, oblique form of nominative sionu "sinew," from Proto-Germanic *sinwō (source also of Old Saxon sinewa, Old Norse sina, Old Frisian sine, Middle Dutch senuwe, Dutch zenuw, Old High German senawa, German Sehne), from PIE root *sai- "to tie, bind" (source also of Sanskrit snavah "sinew," syati, sinati "to bind;" Avestan snavar, Irish sin "chain;" Hittite ishai-/ishi- "to bind").