sport (v.)

15世纪, “取乐, 自娱自乐”, 来自古法语 desporter, deporter “转移, 娱乐, 取悦, 玩耍; 寻求娱乐”, 字面意思是“带走” (心思从严肃的事情上离开), 来自 des- “离开” (见 dis-) + porter “携带”, 来自拉丁语 portare “携带” (来自PIE根 *per- (2) “带领, 经过” ). 比较 disport (v.), 这是较早的形式.

限定意义上的“通过在户外积极锻炼或参加一些游戏来自娱自乐” 来自于15世纪末的意思是“穿” 来自于1778年. 相关链接: Sported; sporting.

sport (n.)

15世纪初, “愉快的消遣”, 是 disport “提供娱乐或放松的活动; 娱乐, 乐趣” (14世纪) 的缩写, 也是“消遣或游戏; 调情; 在这种活动中获得的乐趣” (14世纪末), 来自英法 disport, 古法语 desport, deport “快乐, 享受, 喜悦; 安慰, 安慰; 恩惠, 特权”, 与 desporter, deporter “转移, 娱乐, 取悦, 玩耍” 有关(见 sport (v.) ), 也可比较 disport (n.).

原义保留在短语中, 如 in sport “开玩笑” (15世纪中叶). 意为“涉及身体锻炼的游戏”, 最早记载于1520年代. “时髦的人” 的意义来自1861年的美国英语, 可能是因为他们以赌博和赌赛为生. “good fellow” 的意思是从1881年开始有证据的(如 be a sport, 1913年). Sport 作为一个人熟悉的称呼形式是从1935年开始的, 澳大利亚英语. sport of kings 原本是(1660年代) 制造战争的意思. 其他的, 失传的中英文 disport 的意义是“安慰, 慰藉; 安慰的来源”.

Entries linking to sport

dis-

word-forming element of Latin origin meaning 1. "lack of, not" (as in dishonest); 2. "opposite of, do the opposite of" (as in disallow); 3. "apart, away" (as in discard), from Old French des- or directly from Latin dis- "apart, asunder, in a different direction, between," figuratively "not, un-," also "exceedingly, utterly." Assimilated as dif- before -f- and to di- before most voiced consonants.

The Latin prefix is from PIE *dis- "apart, asunder" (source also of Old English te-, Old Saxon ti-, Old High German ze-, German zer-). The PIE root is a secondary form of *dwis- and thus is related to Latin bis "twice" (originally *dvis) and to duo, on notion of "two ways, in twain" (hence "apart, asunder").

In classical Latin, dis- paralleled de- and had much the same meaning, but in Late Latin dis- came to be the favored form and this passed into Old French as des-, the form used for compound words formed in Old French, where it increasingly had a privative sense ("not"). In English, many of these words eventually were altered back to dis-, while in French many have been altered back to de-. The usual confusion prevails.

As a living prefix in English, it reverses or negatives what it is affixed to. Sometimes, as in Italian, it is reduced to s- (as in spend, splay, sport, sdain for disdain, and the surnames Spencer and Spence).

*per- (2)

Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to lead, pass over." A verbal root associated with *per- (1), which forms prepositions and preverbs with the basic meaning "forward, through; in front of, before," etc.

It forms all or part of: aporia; asportation; comport; deport; disport; emporium; Euphrates; export; fare; farewell; fartlek; Ferdinand; fere; fern; ferry; firth; fjord; ford; Fuhrer; gaberdine; import; important; importune; opportune; opportunity; passport; porch; pore (n.) "minute opening;" port (n.1) "harbor;" port (n.2) "gateway, entrance;" port (n.3) "bearing, mien;" port (v.) "to carry;" portable; portage; portal; portcullis; porter (n.1) "person who carries;" porter (n.2) "doorkeeper, janitor;" portfolio; portico; portiere; purport; practical; rapport; report; sport; support; transport; warfare; wayfarer; welfare.

It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit parayati "carries over;" Greek poros "journey, passage, way," peirein "to pierce, pass through, run through;" Latin portare "to carry," porta "gate, door," portus "port, harbor," originally "entrance, passage," peritus "experienced;" Avestan peretush "passage, ford, bridge;" Armenian hordan "go forward;" Old Welsh rit, Welsh rhyd "ford;" Old Church Slavonic pariti "to fly;" Old English faran "to go, journey," Old Norse fjörðr "inlet, estuary."