serve (v.)

12世纪晚期, “使习惯性的服从”, 也有“服侍, 给予援助, 给予帮助” 的意思, 来自古法语 servir “对其尽职, 表现出奉献精神; 摆放餐桌, 在餐桌上服务; 提供, 提供与”, 来自拉丁语 servire “成为仆人, 为其服务, 被奴役;” 形象地说是“奉献; 受其支配; 遵从; 符合; 奉承”, 原为“成为奴隶”, 与 servus “奴隶” 有关, 来源不明.

也许来自伊特鲁里亚语(比较伊特鲁里亚语专有名词 Servi, Serve, 拉丁化为 Servius), 但德-瓦安说它来自原意大利语 *serwo- “牧羊人”, *serwā- “观察”, 来自PIE *seruo- “监护人” (来源也是阿维斯坦 haraiti “理会, 保护” ).

Rix 1994a argues that the original meaning of *serwo- probably was 'guard, shepherd', which underwent a pejorative development to 'slave' in Italy between 700 and 450 BC. Servire would be the direct derivative of servus, hence 'be a slave'; servare would in his view be derived from an older noun *serwa- or *serwom 'observation, heedance'.

到13世纪时, 也是“为之服务, 为之执行服务; 侍奉, 成为个人仆人; 成为奴隶; 效忠于; 主持弥撒或其他宗教仪式;” 从13世纪早期开始是“在餐桌上摆放食物;” 14世纪中期是“侍奉(顾客)”. 从14世纪末作“以某种方式对待(某人或某事)”.

至 serve (someone) right “以他应得的方式对待” 是从1580年代开始记载的. Sense of “be useful, be beneficial, be suitable for a purpose or function” is from early 14 Century; that of “take the place or meet the needs of, be equal to the task” is from late 14 Century; that of “sufficient” is from mid- 15 Century Meaning “render active military service” is from 1510s. 体育意义, 在网球, 羽毛球等运动中, 最早记载于1580年代. 法律意义上的“出示” (令状, 授权书等), “给予法律通知” 是从15世纪初开始的.

He no schuld neuer wond

To seruen him fro fot to hond

[“Amis and Amiloun,” c. 1330]

1680年代, 在体育(网球等), 来自 serve (五).