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philosophy (n.)
14世纪 , philosophie ,"知识、学问、学术、学术著作、知识体系",来源于古法语 filosofie "哲学、知识"(12世纪,现代法语 philosophie ),直接来源于拉丁语 philosophia, ,来源于希腊语 philosophia "热爱知识,追求智慧;系统的调查",来源于 philo- "热爱"(见 philo- )+ sophia "知识、智慧",来源于 sophis "聪明、有学问;"是一个来源不明的词[Beekes]。在中古英语( filozofie, phelosophie ,等)中有许多拼写变体。
从14世纪中叶作为"处理理性推测或沉思的学科";从14世纪晚期作为"自然科学",也有"炼金术、神秘知识";在中世纪,这个词被理解为包含所有的推测科学。意为"一个人形成的生活行为系统",从1771年开始得到证明。现代意义上的"最高真理的主体,最基本事务的科学"来自1794年。
Nec quicquam aliud est philosophia, si interpretari velis, praeter studium sapientiae; sapientia autem est rerum divinarum et humanarum causarumque quibus eae res continentur scientia. [Cicero, "De Officiis" ]
[Philosophical problems] are, of course, not empirical problems; but they are solved through an insight into the workings of our language, and that in such a way that these workings are recognized — despite an urge to misunderstand them. The problems are solved, not through the contribution of new knowledge, rather through the arrangement of things long familiar. Philosophy is a struggle against the bewitchment ( Verhexung ) of our understanding by the resources of our language. [Ludwig Wittgenstein, "Philosophical Investigations," 1953]

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Definitions of philosophy from WordNet
Dictionary entries near philosophy
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philtre
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