gender (n.)

14世纪, “种类, 排序, 阶级, 一类或一类具有某些特征的人或事物,” 来自古法语 gendre, genre “种类, 物种; 性格; 性别” (12世纪, 现代法语 genre), 源于拉丁语 genus (属性 generis) “种族, 种群, 家庭; 种类, 等级, 顺序; 物种” 的词干, 也有“(男性或女性) 性别” 的意思, 来自PIE根 *gene- “生育, 生孩子”, 派生词指生育和家庭及部落群体.

拉丁文中也用于翻译亚里士多德的希腊语语法术语 genos. 语法意义在英语中得到证明, 从14世纪末开始, unetymological -d- 是古法语中的音译累加(比较 sound (n. 1) ).

“男性或女性性别” 的意义从15世纪初就在英语中得到了印证, 随着 sex (n.) 在20世纪具有了情色的特质, gender 开始成为“人的性别” 的常用英语词, 在这种用法中, 它最初被认为是口语或幽默. 后来在女权主义写作中常以社会属性和生物素质相提并论, 这种意义最早见于1963年. Gender-bender 是1977年起, 1980年起流行, 指流行歌手大卫-鲍伊.

gender (v.)

“带来”, 14世纪末, 源于古法语 gendrer, genrer “engender, 生出, 生出”, 源于拉丁语 generare “engender, 生出, 产生” (见 generation). 相关: Gendered; gendering.

Entries linking to gender

*gene-

*genə-, also *gen-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "give birth, beget," with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups.

It forms all or part of: Antigone; autogenous; benign; cognate; congener; congenial; congenital; connate; cosmogony; cryogenic; degenerate; engender; engine; epigone; eugenics; -gen; gendarme; gender; gene; genealogy; general; generate; generation; generic; generous; genesis; -genesis; genial; -genic; genital; genitive; genius; genocide; genotype; genre; gens; gent; genteel; gentile; gentle; gentry; genuine; genus; -geny; germ; german (adj.) "of the same parents or grandparents;" germane; germinal; germinate; germination; gingerly; gonad; gono-; gonorrhea; heterogeneous; homogeneous; homogenize; homogenous; impregnate; indigenous; ingenious; ingenuous; innate; jaunty; kermes; kin; kindergarten; kindred; king; kind (n.) "class, sort, variety;" kind (adj.) "friendly, deliberately doing good to others;" Kriss Kringle; malign; miscegenation; nada; naive; nascent; natal; Natalie; nation; native; nature; nee; neonate; Noel; oncogene; ontogeny; photogenic; phylogeny; pregnant (adj.1) "with child;" primogenitor; primogeniture; progenitor; progeny; puisne; puny; renaissance; theogony; wunderkind.

It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit janati "begets, bears," janah "offspring, child, person," janman- "birth, origin," jatah "born;" Avestan zizanenti "they bear;" Greek gignesthai "to become, happen," genos "race, kind," gonos "birth, offspring, stock;" Latin gignere "to beget," gnasci "to be born," genus (genitive generis) "race, stock, kind; family, birth, descent, origin," genius "procreative divinity, inborn tutelary spirit, innate quality," ingenium "inborn character," possibly germen "shoot, bud, embryo, germ;" Lithuanian gentis "kinsmen;" Gothic kuni "race;" Old English cennan "beget, create," gecynd "kind, nature, race;" Old High German kind "child;" Old Irish ro-genar "I was born;" Welsh geni "to be born;" Armenian cnanim "I bear, I am born."

sound (n.1)

"noise, what is heard, sensation produced through the ear," late 13c., soun, from Old French son "sound, musical note, voice," from Latin sonus "sound, a noise," from PIE *swon-o-, from root *swen- "to sound."

The unetymological -d was established c. 1350-1550 as part of a tendency to add -d- after -n-. Compare gender (n.), thunder (n.), jaundice (n.), spindle, kindred, riband, and, from French powder (n.), meddle, tender (adj.), remainder, dialectal rundel, rundle for runnel, etc. First record of sound barrier is from 1939. Sound check is from 1977; sound effect is 1909, originally live accompaniment to silent films.

The experts of Victor ... will ... arrange for the synchronized orchestration and sound effects for this picture, in which airplane battles will have an important part. [Exhibitor's Herald & Moving Picture World, April 28, 1928]

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