Online Etymology Dictionary

sausage: c.1450, sawsyge, from O.N.Fr. saussiche (fr. saucisse), from V.L. *salsica "sausage," from salsicus "seasoned with salt," from L. salsus "salted" (see sauce).
botulism: 1878, from Ger. Botulismus (1878), coined in Ger. from L. botulus "sausage" (see bowel) + -ismus suffix of action or state. Sickness first traced to eating tainted sausage.
andouille: type of sausage, c.1600, from Fr. andouille, from L. inductilla, neut. pl. of inductilis, from inducere "to load or put in" (see induct). The original notion was perhaps of the filling "introduced" into the sausage.
pudding: c.1300, "a kind of sausage: the stomach or one of the entrails of a pig, sheep, etc., stuffed with minced meat, suet, seasoning, boiled and kept till needed," perhaps from a W.Gmc. stem *pud- "to swell" (cf. O.E. puduc "a wen," Westphalian dial. puddek "lump, pudding," Low Ger. pudde-wurst "black pudding," Eng. dial. pod "belly," also cf. pudgy). Other possibility is that it is from O.Fr. boudin "sausage," from V.L. *botellinus, from L. botellus "sausage" (change of Fr. b- to Eng. p- presents difficulties, but cf. purse). The modern sense had emerged by 1670, from extension to other foods boiled or steamed in a bag or sack. German pudding, Fr. pouding, Swed. pudding, Ir. putog are from English. Puddinghead "amiable stupid person" is attested from 1851.
frankfurter: 1894, Amer.Eng., from Ger. Frankfurter "of Frankfurt," because a sausage somewhat like a U.S. hot dog was originally made in Germany, where it was associated with the city of Frankfurt am Main (lit. "ford of the Franks on the River Main"). Attested from 1877 as Frankfort sausage. Shortened form frank first attested 1936.
salami: "salted, flavored It. sausage," 1852, from It. salami, pl. of salame "spiced pork sausage," from V.L. *salamen, from *salare "to salt," from L. sal (gen. salis) "salt" (see salt).
pepperoni: "beef and pork sausage seasoned with pepper," 1919, Amer.Eng., from Italian.
banger: British slang for "a sausage," 1919, perhaps from sense of "a bludgeon," though this is recorded only in U.S. slang.
bowel: c.1300, from O.Fr. bouele, from M.L. botellus "small intestine," originally "sausage," dim. of botulus "sausage," a word borrowed from Oscan-Umbrian, from PIE *gwet-/*geut- (cf. L. guttur "throat," O.E. cwið, Goth. qiþus "belly, womb," Ger. kutteln "guts, chitterlings"). Gk. splankhnon (from the same PIE base as spleen) was a word for the principal internal organs, felt as the seat of various emotions. It was later used in Septuagint to translate a Heb. word, and then in early Bibles rendered in Eng. in its literal sense as bowels, which thus acquired a secondary meaning of "pity, compassion" (1382). But in later editions often translated as heart. Gk. poets, from Aeschylus down, regarded the bowels as the seat of the more violent passions such as anger and love, but by the Hebrews they were seen as the seat of tender affections, especially kindness, benevolence, and compassion. Bowel movement is attested by 1874.
chorizo: "spiced pork sausage," 1846, from Sp. chorizo.
wurst: Ger. sausage, 1855, from Ger. Wurst, from O.H.G.
hot dog: "sausage on a split roll," c.1890, popularized by cartoonist T.A. Dorgan. It is said to echo a 19c. suspicion (occasionally justified) that sausages contained dog meat. Meaning "someone particularly skilled or excellent" (with overtones of showing off) is from 1896. Connection between the two senses is unclear. Hot dog! as an exclamation of approval was in use by 1906.
baloney: slang for "nonsense," 1922, Amer.Eng. (popularized 1930s by N.Y. Gov. Alfred E. Smith), from earlier sense of "idiot" (perhaps influenced by blarney), usually regarded as being from bologna sausage, a type traditionally made from odds and ends.
liverwurst: 1869, Amer.Eng., partial translation of Ger. Leberwurst, from Leber "liver" + Wurst "sausage."
pud: slang for "penis," 1939 (in James Joyce), according to OED and DAS from pudding in the same slang sense (1719); from the original "sausage" sense of pudding (q.v.).
bologna: 1850, variant of bologna sausage (1596), named for the city in Italy, from L. Bononia, which either represents Gaul. bona "foundation, fortress," or Boii, the name of the Gaulish people who occupied the region 4c. B.C.E. Also see baloney.
kielbasa: 1953, from Pol. kielbasa "sausage" (Rus. kolbasa, SCr. kobasica); perhaps from Turk. kulbasti, "grilled cutlet," lit. "pressed on the ashes." Or perhaps, via Jewish butchers, from Heb. kolbasar "all kinds of meat."
weenie: "frankfurter," 1906, with slang sense of "penis" following soon after, from Ger. wienerwurst "Vienna sausage" (see wiener). Meaning "ineffectual person" is 1963; pejorative sense via penis shape, or perhaps from weenie in the sense of "small" (see wee).
wiener: 1904, shortening of wienerwurst (1889), from Ger. Wiener "of Vienna" (from Wien "Vienna," from L. Vindo-bona, from Gaulish vindo-, from Celt. vindo- "white;" cf. O.Ir. find, Welsh gwyn "white;" see Gwendolyn) + Wurst "sausage." Clipped form wienie is attested from 1911. Extensive pejorative senses developed from its penis-like shape.
meat: O.E. mete "food, item of food" (contrasted with drink), from P.Gmc. *matiz (cf. O.Fris. mete, O.N. matr, Goth. mats "food," M.Du., Du. metworst, Ger. Mettwurst "type of sausage"), from PIE *mat-/*met- "measure" (see meter (2)). Narrower sense of "flesh used as food" is first attested c.1300; similar sense evolution in Fr. viande "meat," originally "food." Figurative sense of "essential part" is from 1901. Dark meat, white meat supposedly popularized by Victorians as euphemisms for leg and breast. First record of meat loaf is from 1932. Meathead "stupid person" is from 1945; meat market "place where one looks for sex partners" is from 1896 (meat in various sexual senses of "penis, vagina, body regarded as a sex object, prostitute" are attested from 1595); meat wagon "ambulance" is from 1925, Amer.Eng. slang. Meaty "full of substance" is from 1881.