- palatine (adj.)
- mid-15c., from M.Fr. palatin (15c.), from M.L. palatinus "of the palace" (of the Caesars), from L. palatium (see palace). Used in English to mean "quasi-royal authority." Reference to the Rhineland state is from c.1580.
- palatinate
- 1650s, from palatine; in England and Ireland, a county palatine; also used of certain American colonies (Carolina, Maryland, Maine).
- Lupercalia
- Roman festival held Feb. 15, in honor of Lupercus, god (identified with Lycean Pan) who had a grotto at the foot of the Palatine Hill, from L. Lupercalia (pl.), from Lupercalis "pertaining to Lupercus," whose name derives from lupus "wolf" (see wolf).
- palsgrave
- 1548, "a count palatine," from M.Du. palsgrave, from pals "palace" (from L. palatium, see palace) + grave (Du. graaf) "count." Cf. cognate M.H.G. pfalzgrave, Ger. Pfalzgraf.
- Rome
- O.E., from O.Fr. Rome, from L. Roma, of uncertain origin. "The original Roma quadrata was the fortified enclosure on the Palatine hill," according to Tucker, who finds "no probability" in derivation from *sreu- "flow," and suggests the name is "most probably" from *urobsma (cf. urbs, robur) and otherwise, "but less likely" from *urosma "hill" (cf. Skt. varsman- "height, point," Lith. virsus "upper"). Another suggestion is that it is from Etruscan (cf. Rumon, former name of Tiber River). Common in proverbs, e.g. Rome was not buylt in one daye (1545), for when a man doth to Rome come, he must do as there is done (1599), All roads alike conduct to Rome (1806).
- palace
- late 13c., "official residence of an emperor, king, archbishop, etc.," from O.Fr. palais, from M.L. palacium "a palace," from L. palatium "palace" (cf. Sp. palacio, It. palazzo), from Mons Palatinus "the Palatine Hill," one of the seven hills of ancient Rome, where Augustus Caesar's house stood (the original "palace"), later the site of the splendid residence built by Nero. The hill name probably is ultimately from palus "stake," on the notion of "enclosure." Another guess is that it is from Etruscan and connected with Pales, supposed name of an Italic goddess of shepherds and cattle. The general sense of "splendid dwelling place" is from late 14c.