c.1300, from O.Fr. governer "govern," from L. gubernare "to direct, rule, guide," originally "to steer," from Gk. kybernan "to steer or pilot a ship, direct" (the root of cybernetics). The -k- to -g- sound shift is perhaps via the medium of Etruscan.
c.1300, from L. gubernatorem (nom. gubernator) "director, ruler, governor," originally "steersman, pilot" (see govern). The adjective gubernatorial (1734, chiefly in Amer.Eng.) remembers the Latin form.
1550s, "system by which a thing is governed" (especially a state), from O.Fr. governement (Mod.Fr. gouvernement), from governer (see govern). Replaced M.E. governance. Meaning "action of governing" is from 1560s; meaning "governing power" in a given place is from 1702.
O.E. weldan (Mercian), wieldan, wealdan (W.Saxon) "to govern, possess, have control over" (class VII strong verb; past tense weold, pp. gewealden), merged with weak verb wyldan, both from P.Gmc. *wal-t- (cf. O.S., Goth. waldan, O.Fris. walda "to govern, rule," O.N. valda "to rule, wield, to cause," O.H.G. waltan, Ger. walten "to rule, govern"), probably from PIE *waldh- (cf. O.C.S. vlado "to rule," vlasti "power;" Lith. veldu "to rule, possess"), from base *wal- "to be strong, to rule" (see valiant).
1611, from Fr. présider "preside over, govern" (15c.), from L. prĉsidere "stand guard, superintend," lit. "sit in front of," from prĉ- "before" + sedere "to sit" (see sedentary).
O.E. hen, from W.Gmc. *khannjo (cf. M.Du. henne, O.H.G. henna), fem. of *khan(e)ni "male fowl, cock" (cf. O.E. hana "cock"), lit. "bird who sings for sunrise," from PIE base *kan- "to sing" (see chant). The original masc. word survives in Ger. (Hahn "cock"), Swed., Dan., etc.; extension to "female of any bird species" is early 14c. in English. Hen as slang for "woman" dates from 1620s; hence hen party "gathering of women," first recorded 1887. Henpecked is from 1680.
"The henpect Man rides behind his Wife, and lets her wear the Spurs and govern the Reins." [Samuel Butler]