Canada Look up Canada at Dictionary.com
1568 (implied in Canadian), said to be a Latinized form of a word for "village" in an Iroquoian language of the St. Lawrence valley that had gone extinct by 1600. Most still-spoken Iroquoian languages have a similar word (e.g. Mohawk kana:ta "town"). Canada goose is attested from 1772.
Tlingit Look up Tlingit at Dictionary.com
Indian group in Alaska and Canada, the people's word for themselves, lit. "human beings."
Toronto Look up Toronto at Dictionary.com
city in Ontario, Canada, from an Iroquoian source, original form and sense unknown.
Canadian Look up Canadian at Dictionary.com
1568; see Canada.
jello Look up jello at Dictionary.com
from Jell-O, trademark for powdered gelatin food, reg. 1934 by The Jell-o Company of Canada, Ltd., Montreal.
Klondike Look up Klondike at Dictionary.com
tributary of the Yukon River in northwestern Canada, from Kutchin tron-duik "hammer river." Scene of a gold rush after 1896.
Labrador Look up Labrador at Dictionary.com
large province of eastern Canada, probably from Port. lavrador "landholder," perhaps in ref. to 15c. Port. explorer Joao Fernandes, a landholder in the Azores. The name was first applied to Greenland. The breed of retriever dog so called from 1829.
kerosene Look up kerosene at Dictionary.com
1852, coined in Canada by Abraham Gesner, who discovered how to distill it c.1846, from Gk. keros "wax" + chemical suffix -ene. So called because it contains paraffin.
Canuck Look up Canuck at Dictionary.com
1835, cross between Canada and Chinook, the native people in the Columbia River region. In U.S., often derogatory.
canola Look up canola at Dictionary.com
"rapeseed," a euphemistic name coined 1978, supposedly involving Canada, where it was developed, and oil.
Slave Look up Slave at Dictionary.com
Indian tribe of northwestern Canada, 1789, from slave, translating Cree (Algonquian) awahkan "captive, slave."
Duluth Look up Duluth at Dictionary.com
city in Minnesota, U.S., named for Fr. pioneer explorer Daniel Greysolen, sieur du Luth (1649-1710), "the Robin Hood of Canada," the leader of the coureurs de bois, who passed through in 1678 on a mission into the wilderness.
township Look up township at Dictionary.com
O.E. tunscipe "inhabitants or population of a town." Applied in M.E. to "manor, parish, or other division of a hundred." Specific sense of "local division or district in a parish, each with a village or small town and its own church" is from 1540; as a local municipal division of a county in U.S. and Canada, first recorded 1685.
yo-yo Look up yo-yo at Dictionary.com
1915, apparently from a language of the Philippines. Registered as a trademark in Vancoucer, Canada, in 1932, the year the first craze for them began (subsequent fads 1950s, 1970s, 1998). The toy itself is much older and was earlier known as bandalore (1824). Figurative sense of any "up-and-down movement" is first recorded 1932. Meaning "stupid person" is recorded from 1970. The verb in the fig. sense is attested from 1967.
stampede Look up stampede at Dictionary.com
1828, from Mex.Sp. estampida, from Sp., "an uproar," from estamper "to stamp, press, pound," from Gmc. root of Eng. stamp (v.). The verb is from 1823. The political sense is first recorded 1846. As the name of an annual exhibition of cowboy skills in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, it is attested from 1912.
Athabascan Look up Athabascan at Dictionary.com
"pertaining to a N.Amer. Indian people," 1846, Athapaskan, from Lake Athabaska in northern Alberta, Canada, from Woods Cree (Algonquian) Athapaskaw, said by Webster to mean lit. "grass or reeds here and there," refering to the delta region west of the lake. Also in ref. to their language group.
African-American Look up African-American at Dictionary.com
isolated instances from at least 1863 (Afro-American is attested in 1853, in freemen's publications in Canada), but the modern use is a re-invention first attested 1969 (in reference to the African-American Teachers Association) which became the preferred term in some circles for "U.S. black" (n. or adj.) by the late 1980s. Mencken, 1921, reports Aframerican "is now very commonly used in the Negro press."
quint Look up quint at Dictionary.com
1526, "a tax of one-fifth," from M.Fr. quint, from L. quintus, ordinal to quinque "five" (see quinque-). First attested 1935 as a shortening of quintuplet (Amer.Eng.; British preferred quin); used originally of the Dionne quintuplets, born May 28, 1934, near Callander, Ontario, Canada.
cabbage Look up cabbage at Dictionary.com
mid-15c., from M.Fr. caboche "head" (in the Channel Islands, "cabbage"), from O.Fr. caboce "head," from L. caput "head" (see head). Introduced to Canada 1541 by Jacques Cartier on his third voyage. First written record of it in U.S. is 1660s. The decline of "ch" to "j" in the unaccented final syllable parallels the common pronunciation of spinach, sandwich, Greenwich, etc.
Laurentian Look up Laurentian at Dictionary.com
"granite strata in eastern Canada," 1863, named for the Laurentian Mountains, where it is found, which are named for the nearby St. Lawrence River. Hence, Laurasia, Paleozoic supercontinent comprising N.America and Eurasia, 1931, from Ger. (1928), from Laurentia, geologists' name for the ancient core of N.America + (Eur)asia.
maple Look up maple at Dictionary.com
c.1366, from O.E. mapultreow "maple tree," related to O.N. möpurr, O.S. mapulder, M.L.G. mapeldorn, from P.Gmc. *maplo-. There also was a P.Gmc. *matlo- (cf. O.H.G. mazzaltra, Ger. maszholder), but the connection and origins are mysterious. The maple leaf is mentioned as the emblem of Canada from 1860.
Anglo Look up Anglo at Dictionary.com
"American, English-speaking white person," 1941, southwestern U.S., from Anglo-American (1738), from Anglo-, comb. form of Angle, as used in Anglo-Saxon (q.v.) + American. Anglo was used similarly in Canada from 1800 and Britain from 1964.
dominion Look up dominion at Dictionary.com
c.1430, from M.Fr. dominion, from M.L. dominionem (nom. dominio), from L. dominionem "ownership" (see domination). British sovereign colonies often were called dominions, hence the Dominion of Canada, the formal title after the 1867 union, and Old Dominion, the popular name for the U.S. state of Virginia, first recorded 1778.
creek Look up creek at Dictionary.com
1449, creke "narrow inlet in a coastline," from kryk (c.1230), probably from O.N. kriki "nook," perhaps infl. by Anglo-Fr. crique, itself from a Scand. source via Norman. Perhaps ultimately related to crook. Extended to "inlet or short arm of a river" by 1577, which probably led to use for "small stream, brook" in Amer.Eng. (1622). Also used there and in Canada, Australia, New Zealand for "branch of a main river," possibly from explorers moving up main rivers and seeing and noting mouths of tributaries without knowing they often were extensive rivers of their own. Slang phrase up the creek "in trouble," often esp. "pregnant," first recorded 1941, perhaps originally armed forces slang for "lost while on patrol."
Algonquin Look up Algonquin at Dictionary.com
one of an Indian people living near the Ottawa River in Canada, 1625, from Fr. Algonquin, perhaps a contraction of Algoumequin, from Micmac algoomeaking "at the place of spearing fish and eels." But Bright suggests Maliseet (Algonquian) elægomogwik "they are our relatives or allies." Algonquian (1885) was the name taken by ethnologists to describe a large group of N.Amer. Indian peoples, including this tribe. Algonquin Hotel (59 W. 44th St., Manhattan) opened 1902 and named by manager Frank Case for the tribe that had lived in that area. A circle of journalists, authors, critics, and wits began meeting there daily in 1919 and continued through the twenties; they called themselves "The Vicious Circle," but to others they became "The Round Table."
so long Look up so long at Dictionary.com
parting salutation, 1860, of unknown origin, perhaps from a Ger. idiom (cf. Ger. parting salutation adieu so lange, the full sense of which probably is something like "farewell, whilst (we're apart)"), perhaps from Heb. shalom (via Yiddish sholom). Some have noted a similarity to Scand. leave-taking phrases, cf. Norw. Adjø så lenge, Farvel så lenge, Mor’n så lenge, lit. "bye so long, farewell so long, morning so long;" and Swed. Hej så länge "good-bye for now," with så länge "for now" attested since 1850 according to Swed. sources. Most etymology sources seem to lean toward the Ger. origin. Earlier guesses that it was a sailors' corruption of a South Pacific form of Arabic salaam are not now regarded as convincing. "Dictionary of American Slang" also adds to the list of candidates Ir. slan "health," said to be used as a toast and a salutation. The phrase seems to have turned up simultaneously in Amer.Eng., Britain, and perhaps Canada, originally among lower classes. First attested use is in title and text of the last poem in Whitman's "Leaves of Grass" in the 1860 edition.
An unknown sphere, more real than I dream’d, more direct, darts awakening rays about me—So long!
Remember my words—I may again return,
I love you—I depart from materials;
I am as one disembodied, triumphant, dead.
Whitman's friend and fan William Sloane Kennedy, wrote in 1923:
"The salutation of parting—‘So long!’—was, I believe, until recent years, unintelligible to the majority of persons in America, especially in the interior, and to members of the middle and professional classes. I had never heard of it until I read it in Leaves of Grass, but since then have quite often heard it used by the laboring class and other classes in New England cities. Walt wrote to me, defining ‘so long’ thus: ‘A salutation of departure, greatly used among sailors, sports, & prostitutes—the sense of it is ‘Till we meet again,’— conveying an inference that somehow they will doubtless so meet, sooner or later.” ... It is evidently about equivalent to our ‘See you later.’ The phrase is reported as used by farm laborers near Banff, Scotland. In Canada it is frequently heard; ‘and its use is not entirely confined to the vulgar.’ It is in common use among the working classes of Liverpool and among sailors at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and in Dorsetshire. ... The London Globe suggests that the expression is derived from the Norwegian ‘Saa laenge,’ a common form of ‘farewell,’ au revoir. If so, the phrase was picked up from the Norwegians in America, where ‘So long’ first was heard. The expression is now (1923) often used by the literary and artistic classes."
cheer Look up cheer at Dictionary.com
early 13c., from Anglo-Norm. chere "the face," from O.Fr. chiere, from L.L. cara "face," from Gk. kara "head," from PIE base *ker- "head." Already by M.E. meaning had extended metaphorically to "mood, demeanor, mental condition" as reflected in the face. Could be in a good or bad sense ("The feend ... beguiled her with treacherye, and brought her into a dreerye cheere," "Merline," c.1500), but positive sense has predominated since c.1400. Meaning "shout of encouragement" first recorded 1720, perhaps nautical slang (earlier "to encourage by words or deeds," early 15c.). Cheer up (intrans.) first attested 1670s. Cheers as a salute or toast when taking a drink is British, 1919. The old English greeting what cheer was picked up by Algonquian Indians of southern New England from the Puritans and spread in Indian languages as far as Canada.
potato Look up potato at Dictionary.com
1565, from Sp. patata, from Carib (Haiti) batata "sweet potato." Sweet potatoes were first to be introduced to Europe; in cultivation in Spain by mid-16c.; in Virginia by 1648. Early 16c. Port. traders carried the crop to all their shipping ports and the sweet potato was quickly adopted from Africa to India and Java. The name later (1597) was extended to the common white potato, from Peru, which was at first (mistakenly) called Virginia potato, or, because at first it was of minor importance compared to the sweet potato, bastard potato. Sp. invaders in Peru began to use white potatoes as cheap food for sailors 1536. The first potato from South America reached Pope Paul III in 1540; grown in France at first as an ornamental plant. According to popular tradition, introduced to Ireland 1565 by John Hawkins. Brought to England from Colombia by Sir Thomas Herriot, 1586. Ger. kartoffel (17c.) is a dissimilation from tartoffel, ult. from It. tartufolo (V.L. *territuberem), originally "truffle." Frederick II forced its cultivation on Prussian peasants in 1743. The Fr. is pomme de terre, lit. "earth-apple;" a Swed. dialectal word for "potato" is jordpäron, lit. "earth-pear." Colloquial pronunciation tater is attested in print from 1759. To drop (something) like a hot potato is from 1846. Children's counting-out rhyme that begins one potato, two potato first recorded 1885 in Canada.