Online Etymology Dictionary

-ville: suffix sporadically in vogue since c.1840 (cf. dullsville, palookaville), abstracted from the -ville in place names (Louisville, Greenville, etc.), from O.Fr. ville "town," from L. villa (see villa).
-vorous: comb form meaning "eating," from L. -vorous, from stem of vorare "to devour" (see voracious).
V: In M.E., -u- and -v- were used interchangeably, though with a preference for v- as the initial letter (vnder, vain, etc.) and -u- elsewhere (full, euer, etc.). The distinction into consonant and vowel identities was established in Eng. by 1630, under influence of continental printers, but into 19c. some dictionaries and other catalogues continued to list -u- and -v- words as a single series. No native Anglo-Saxon words begin in v- except those (vane, vat, vixen) altered by the southwestern England habit of replacing initial f- with v- (and initial s- with z-). Confusion of -v- and -w- was also a characteristic of 16c. Cockney accents. In Ger. rocket weapons systems of WWII, it stood for Vergeltungswaffe "reprisal weapon." V-eight as a type of motor engine is recorded from 1930 (V-engine is attested from 1924), so called for the arrangement. The V for "victory" hand sign was conceived Jan. 1941 by Belgian politician and resistance leader Victor de Laveleye, to signify Fr. victoire and Flem. vrijheid ("freedom"). It was broadcast into Europe by Radio België/Radio Belgique and popularized by the BBC by June 1941, from which time it became a universal allied gesture.
V.D.: 1920, short for venereal disease (see venereal).
V.I.P.: 1933, acronym for very important person or personage.
vacant: late 13c., from O.Fr. vacant, from L. vacantem (nom. vacans), prp. of vacare "to be empty" (see vain). Vacancy "state of being vacant" first recorded c.1600, from L.L. vacantia, from vacans. Meaning "available room at a hotel" is recorded from 1953.
vacate: 1643, "to make void, to annul," from L. vacatum, pp. of vacare "to be empty" (see vain). Meaning "to leave, give up, quit" (a place) is attested from 1791.
vacation: late 14c., "freedom or release" (from some activity or occupation), from O.Fr. vacation, from L. vacationem (nom. vacatio) "leisure, a being free from duty," from vacare "be empty, free, or at leisure" (see vain). Meaning "formal suspension of activity" (in ref. to schools, courts, etc.) is recorded from c.1456. As the U.S. equivalent of what in Britain is called a "holiday," it is attested from 1878.
vaccination: 1803, used by British physician Edward Jenner for the technique he devised of preventing smallpox by injecting people with the cowpox virus (variolæ vaccinæ), from vaccine (adj.) "pertaining to cows, from cows" (1798), from L. vaccinus "from cows," from vacca "cow" (bos being originally "ox," "a loan word from a rural dialect" according to Buck, who cites Umbrian bue). "The use of the term for diseases other than smallpox is due to Pasteur (Trans. 7th Session Internat. Med. Congr. (1881) I.90)" [OED]. The noun vaccine "matter used in vaccination" is recorded from 1846; vaccinate is an 1803 coinage.
vacillation: c.1400, from L. vacillationem (nom. vacillatio) "a reeling, wavering," from pp. stem of vacillare "sway to and fro." Originally in ref. to opinion or conduct; literal sense is recorded from 1633. Vacillate is attested from 1597 in the sense "to sway unsteadily;" meaning "to waver between two opinions or courses" is recorded from 1623.
vacuity: 1541, "hollow space," from L. vacuitas "empty space, vacancy, freedom," from vacuus "empty" (see vacuum). Meaning "vacancy of mind or thought" is attested from 1594.
vacuous: 1648, "empty," from L. vacuus "empty, void, free" (see vacuum). Figurative sense of "empty of ideas" is from 1848.
vacuum: 1550, "emptiness of space," from L. vacuum "an empty space, void," noun use of neuter of vacuus "empty," related to vacare "be empty" (see vain). Properly a loan-translation of Gk. xenon, lit. "that which is empty." Meaning "a place emptied of air" is attested from 1652. Vacuum tube is attested from 1859. Vacuum cleaner is from 1903; shortened form vacuum (n.) first recorded 1910. The verb meaning "to clean with a vacuum cleaner" is recorded from 1922.
vade mecum: "a manual," 1629, from L., lit. "go with me."
vae victis: L., lit. "woe to the vanquished," from Livy, "History" V.xlviii.9.
vagabond (adj.): 1426 (earlier vacabond, 1404), from M.Fr. vagabonde, from L.L. vagabundus "wandering, strolling about," from L. vagari "wander" (from vagus "wandering, undecided;" see vague) + gerundive suffix -bundus. The noun is first recorded c.1485.
vagary: 1577, "a wandering, a roaming journey," probably from L. vagari "to wander, roam, be unsettled, spread abroad" from vagus "roving, wandering" (see vague). Current meaning of "eccentric notion or conduct" (1629) is from notion of mental wandering.
vagina: 1682, from L. vagina "sheath, scabbard" (pl. vaginæ), from PIE *wag-ina- (cf. Lith. voziu "ro cover with a hollow thing"), from base *wag- "to break, split, bite." Probably the ancient notion is of a sheath made from a split piece of wood (see sheath). A modern medical word; the L. word was not used in an anatomical sense in classical times. Anthropological vagina dentata is attested from 1908.
vagrant (n.): 1444, perhaps an alteration (by influence of L. vagari "wander") of Anglo-Fr. wacrant, prp. of O.Fr. wacrer "to walk or wander," from a Gmc. source (e.g. O.N. valka "wander"). The adj. is recorded from 1461. Vagrancy "life of idle begging" is attested from 1706.
vague: 1548, from M.Fr. vague, from L. vagus "wandering, rambling, vacillating, vague," of unknown origin.
vain: c.1300, "devoid of real value, idle, unprofitable," from O.Fr. vein "worthless," from L. vanus "idle, empty," from PIE *wa-no-, from base *eue- "to leave, abandon, give out" (cf. O.E. wanian "to lessen," wan "deficient;" O.N. vanta "to lack;" L. vacare "to be empty," vastus "empty, waste;" Avestan va- "lack," Pers. vang "empty, poor;" Skt. una- "deficient"). Meaning "conceited" first recorded 1692, from earlier sense of "silly, idle, foolish" (1390). Phrase in vain "to no effect" (c.1300, after L. in vanum) preserves the original sense.
vainglory: c.1300, "worthless glory," waynglori, from O.Fr. vaine glorie, from M.L. vana gloria (see vain).
valance: piece of drapery, 1463, from Anglo-Fr. *valance, from valer "go down," variant of O.Fr. avaler; or possibly from the pl. of O.Fr. avalant, from prp. of avaler "go down." The notion is of something "hanging down."
vale: river-land between two ranges of hills, c.1300, from O.Fr. val "valley," from L. vallem (nom. vallis, valles) "valley." Vale of years "old age" is from "Othello." Vale of tears "this world as a place of trouble" is attested from 1554.
valediction: 1614, from pp. stem of L. valedicere "bid farewell," from vale, imperative of valere "be well" (see valiant) + dicere "to say" (see diction). Valedictorian formed 1759.
valence: c.1425, "extract, preparation," from L. valentia "strength, capacity," from valentem (nom. valens), prp. of valere "be strong" (see valiant). Meaning "combining power of an element" is recorded from 1884, from Ger. Valenz (1868), from the L. word.
Valentine: c.1450, "sweetheart chosen on St. Valentine's Day," from L.L. Valentinus, the name of two early It. saints (from L. valentia "strength, capacity;" see valence). Choosing a sweetheart on this day originated 14c. as a custom in Eng. and Fr. court circles. Meaning "letter or card sent to a sweetheart" first recorded 1824. The romantic association of the day is said to be from it being around the time when birds choose their mates.
"For this was on seynt Volantynys day
Whan euery bryd cometh there to chese his make."
[Chaucer, "Parlement of Foules," c.1381]
Probably the date was the informal first day of spring in whatever Fr. region invented the custom (many surviving medieval calendars reckon the start of spring on the 7th or 22nd of February). No evidence connects it with the Roman Lupercalia (an 18c. theory) or to any romantic or avian quality in either of the saints. The custom of sending special cards or letters on this date flourished in England c.1840-1870, declined around the turn of the 20th century, and revived 1920s.
Valentino: "gigolo, good-looking romantic man," 1927, from It.-born U.S. movie actor Rudolph Valentino (1895-1926), who was adored by female fans. His full name was Rodolfo Guglielmi di Valentino.
valerian: late 14c., from O.Fr. valeriane, apparently from fem. sing. of L. adj. Valerianus, from the personal name Valerius (see Valerie); but Weekley writes, "some of the Ger. and Scand. forms of the name point rather to connection with the saga-hero Wieland."
Valerie: fem. proper name, from Fr., from L., fem. of Valerius, name of a Roman gens, from valere "to be strong" (see valiant).
valet: "personal man-servant," 1567, from Fr. valet, from O.Fr. valet, variant of vaslet "man's servant," originally "squire, young man," from Gallo-Romance *vassellittus "young nobleman, squire, page," dim. of M.L. vassallus, from vassus "servant" (see vassal). Modern sense is usually short for valet de chambre; the general sense of "male household servant of the meaner sort" going with the variant form varlet. First recorded use of valet parking is from 1960.
valetudinarian: "one who is constantly concerned with his own ailments," 1703, from valetudinary (1581), from L. valetudinarius, from valetudo "state of health," from valere "be strong" (see valiant) + -tudo, abstract noun suffix. Valetudinary (adj.) "sickly" is recorded from 1581.
Valhalla: heavenly hall in which Odin receives the souls of heroes slain in battle, 1768, from O.N. Valhöll "hall of the battle-slain;" first element from valr "those slain in battle," from P.Gmc. *walaz (cf. O.E. wæl "slaughter, bodies of the slain," O.H.G. wal "battlefield, slaughter"), from PIE base *wele- "to strike, wound" (cf. Avestan vareta- "seized, prisoner," L. veles "ghosts of the dead," O.Ir. fuil "blood," Welsh gwel "wound"). Second element is from höll "hall," from PIE base *kel- "to conceal" (see cell). Reintroduced by 18c. antiquaries. Figurative sense is from 1845.
valiant: c.1300, from Anglo-Fr. and O.Fr. valliant "stalwart, brave," from prp. of valoir "be worthy," originally "be strong," from L. valere "be strong, be well, be worth, have power, be able," from PIE base *wal- "be strong" (cf. O.E. wealdan "to rule," O.H.G. -walt, -wald "power" (in personal names), O.N. valdr "ruler," O.C.S. vlasti "to rule over," Lith. valdyti "to have power," Celt. *walos- "ruler," O.Ir. flaith "dominion," Welsh gallu "to be able").
valid: 1571, "having force in law, legally binding," from M.Fr. valide, from L. validus "strong, effective," from valere "be strong" (see valiant). The meaning "supported by facts or authority" is first recorded 1648. Validate (v.) is recorded from 1648.
valise: 1615, "suitcase, soldier's kit bag," from Fr. valise (1568), from It. valigia, of uncertain origin. Attested in M.L. forms valisia (1407), valixia (1298).
Valium: 1961, proprietary name (Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, N.J.) of diazepam (reg. U.S.), of unknown origin.
Valkyrie: 1768, one of 12 war-maidens who escorted the brave dead to Valhalla, from O.N. valkyrja, lit. "chooser of the slain," from valr "those slain in battle" (see Valhalla) + kyrja "chooser," from ablaut root of kjosa "to choose," from P.Gmc. *keusan, from PIE *geus- "to taste, choose" (see gusto). O.E. form was Wælcyrie, but they seem not to have figured as largely in Anglo-Saxon tales as in Scandinavian. Ger. Walküre (Wagner) is from O.N.
valley: late 13c., from Anglo-Norman valey, O.Fr. valee "a valley," from V.L. *vallata, from L. vallis "valley," of unknown origin. Valley Girl (in ref. to San Fernando Valley of California) was poularized 1982 in song by Frank Zappa and his daughter.
valor: c.1300, "value, worth," from O.Fr. valour "strength, value, valor," from L.L. valorem (nom. valor) "value, worth," from stem of L. valere "be worth, be strong" (see valiant). The meaning "courage" is first recorded 1581, from It. valore, from the same L.L. word. (The M.E. word also had a sense of "worth or worthiness in respect of manly qualities").
valour: British spelling of valor (q.v.); for suffix, see -or.
value (n.): c.1300, from O.Fr. value "worth, value" (13c.), noun use of fem. pp. of valoir "be worth," from L. valere "be strong, be well, be of value" (see valiant). The meaning "social principle" is attested from 1918, supposedly borrowed from the language of painting. The verb is recorded from 1482. Valuable is attested from 1589. Value judgment (1892) is a loan-translation of Ger. Werturteil.
valve: 1387, "one of the halves of a folding door," from L. valva "section of a folding or revolving door," lit. "that which turns," related to volvere "to roll" (see vulva). Sense extended 1615 to "membranous fold regulating flow of bodily fluids;" 1659 to "mechanical device that works like a valve;" and 1661 in zoology to "halves of a hinged shell."
vamoose: "to decamp," 1834, from Sp. vamos "let us go," from L. vadamus, from vadere "to go, to walk," from PIE base *wadh- "to go" (cf. O.E. wadan "to go," L. vadum "ford").
vamp (v.): "extemporize on a piano," 1789, originally a noun meaning "part of a stocking that covers the foot and ankle" (early 13c.), from Anglo-Norm. *vaumpé, from O.Fr. avantpié, from avant "in front" + pié "foot." Sense evolved to "provide a stocking with a new vamp" (1590s), to "patch up, repair" (cf. revamp) to "extemporize."
vamp (n.): "seductive woman," 1911, short for vampire. First attested use is earlier than the release of the Fox film "A Fool There Was" (January 1915), with sultry Theda Bara in the role of The Vampire. But the movie was based on a play of that name that had been a Broadway hit (title and concept from a Kipling poem, "The Vampire"), and the word may ultimately trace to Bara's role. At any rate, Bara (real name Theodosia Goodman) remains the classic vamp.
A fool there was and he made his prayer
(Even as you and I!)
To a rag and a bone and a hank of hair
(We called her the woman who did not care)
But the fool, he called her his lady fair
(Even as you and I.)

[Kipling, "The Vampire"]
vampire: 1734, from Fr. vampire or Ger. Vampir (1732, in an account of Hungarian vampires), from Hung. vampir, from O.C.S. opiri (cf. Serb. vampir, Bulg. vapir, Ukrainian uper), said by Slavic linguist Franc Miklošič to be ult. from Kazan Tatar ubyr "witch." An Eastern European creature popularized in Eng. by late 19c. gothic novels, however there are scattered Eng. accounts of night-walking, blood-gorged, plague-spreading undead corpses from as far back as 1196. Applied 1774 by Fr. biologist Buffon to a species of South American blood-sucking bat.
van (1): "front part of an army or other advancing group," 1610, shortening of vanguard.
van (2): "covered truck or wagon," 1829, shortening of caravan.
Van Allen: name of radiation belts around the Earth (and certain other planets), 1939, from U.S. physicist James A. Van Allen(b.1914), who reported them in 1958.