Online Etymology Dictionary

Savonarola: Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498), Dominican monk famous for his fierce opposition to moral license and Church corruption.
savor (n.): early 13c., from Old French savour, from Latin saporem (nominative sapor) "taste, flavor," related to sapere "to have a flavor" (see sapient).
savor (v.): c.1300, from Old French savourer, from Late Latin saporare, from Latin sapor (see savor (n.)). Related: Savored; savoring.
savory (adj.): "pleasing in taste or smell," early 13c., from Old French savoure (Modern French savoré), past participle of savourer "to taste" (see savor).
savory (n.): "aromatic mint," late 14c., perhaps an alteration of Old English sæþerie, which is ultimately from Latin satureia "savory (n.)." But early history of the word suggests transmission via Old French savereie. In either case, the form of the word probably altered by influence of the Middle English or Old French form of savory (adj.).
savour: chiefly British English spelling of savor (q.v.); for spelling, see -or. Related: Savoured; savouring.
savoury: chiefly British English spelling of savory; also see -or.
Savoy: region in southeastern France, French Savoie, from Roman Sapaudia, of unknown origin.
savvy: 1785, as a noun, "practical sense, intelligence;" also a verb, "to know, to understand;" West Indies pidgin borrowing of French savez(-vous)? "do you know?" or Spanish sabe (usted) "you know," both from Vulgar Latin *sapere, from Latin sapere "be wise, be knowing" (see sapient). The adjective is first recorded 1905, from the noun. Related: Savviness.
saw (n.1): "cutting tool," Old English sagu, from Proto-Germanic *sago "a cutting tool" (cf. Old English seax "knife," Old Norse sõg, Norwegian sag, Danish sav, Middle Dutch saghe, Dutch zaag, Old High German saga, German Säge "saw"), from PIE root *sak-/*sek- "to cut" (cf. Latin secare "to cut," Russian sech' "to cut;" see section).
saw (n.2): "proverb," Old English sagu "saying, discourse, speech," from Proto-Germanic *saga-, *sagon- (cf. Middle Low German, Middle Dutch sage, zage, German sage "legend, fable, saga, myth, tradition," Old Norse saga "story, tale, saga") from the root of Old English secgan "say" (see say).
saw (v.): early 13c., from saw (n.1). Strong conjugation began 15c. on model of draw, etc. Sawed-off "short, cut short" is attested 1887 of persons, 1898 of shotguns.
sawbones (n.): "surgeon," 1837, slang; see saw (v.) + bone.
sawbuck (n.): "ten-dollar bill," American English slang, 1850, from resemblance of X (Roman numeral 10) to the ends of a sawhorse. Sawbuck in the sense of "sawhorse" is attested only from 1862 but presumably is older (see saw (n.2)).
sawdust (n.): 1520s, from saw (n.1) + dust (n.).
sawfish (n.): 1660s; see saw (v.) + fish (n.).
sawhorse (n.): 1778, from saw (n.1) + horse (n.) in the mechanical sense.
sawmill (n.): 1550s; see saw (n.) + mill (n.1).
sawn: strong past participle of saw (v.), attested from 1530s.
sawyer (n.): mid-14c. (as a surname from mid-13c.), alteration of sawer, agent noun from saw (v.), influenced by French-derived words in -ier (e.g. lawyer, bowyer, clothier).
sax (n.): 1923, colloquial shortening of saxophone.
saxifrage (n.): late 14c., from Old French saxifrage (13c.), from Late Latin saxifraga "kind of herb," from Latin saxifraga herba, literally "a rock-breaking herb," from saxifragus "stonebreaking," from saxum "stone, rock" + frag-, root of frangere "to break" (see fraction). Pliny says the plant was so called because it was given to dissolve gallstones, but a more likely explanation is that it was so called because it grows in crevices in rocks. (Latin used two different words for "stone" and "gallstone" -- saxum and calculus).
Saxon: c.1300, from Late Latin Saxonem (nominative Saxo), usually found in plural Saxones, from Proto-Germanic *sakhsan (cf. Old English Seaxe, Old High German Sahsun, German Sachse "Saxon"), with a possible literal sense of "swordsmen" (cf. Old English seax, Old Frisian, Old Norse sax "knife, short sword, dagger," perhaps ultimately from PIE root of saw (n.1)). The word figures in the well-known story, related by Geoffrey of Monmouth, who got it from Nennius, of the treacherous slaughter by the Anglo-Saxons of their British hosts:
Accordingly they all met at the time and place appointed, and began to treat of peace; and when a fit opportunity offered for executing his villany, Hengist cried out, "Nemet oure Saxas," and the same instant seized Vortigern, and held him by his cloak. The Saxons, upon the signal given, drew their daggers, and falling upon the princes, who little suspected any such design, assassinated them to the number of four hundred and sixty barons and consuls ....
OED helpfully points out that the correct Old English (with an uninflected plural) would be nimað eowre seax. For other national names that may have derived from characteristic tribal weapons, cf. Frank, Lombard. Still in 20c. used by Celtic speakers to mean "an Englishman." In reference to the modern German state of Saxony (German Sachsen, French Saxe) it is attested from 1630s. Saxon is the source of the -sex in Essex, Sussex, etc. (cf. Middlesex, from Old English Middel-Seaxe "Middle Saxons"). Bede distinguished the Anglo-Saxons, who conquered much of southern Britain, from the Eealdesaxe "Old Saxons," who stayed in Germany.
saxophone (n.): 1851, from French saxophone, named for Antoine Joseph "Adolphe" Sax (1814-1894), Belgian instrument maker who devised it c.1840 + Greek -phonos "voiced, sounding." His father, Charles Joseph (1791-1865) invented the less popular saxhorn (1845). The surname is a spelling variant of Sachs, Sacks, literally "Saxon."
say (v.): Old English secgan "to utter, say," from Proto-Germanic *sagjanan (cf. Old Saxon seggian, Old Norse segja, Old Frisian sedsa, Middle Dutch segghen, Dutch zeggen, Old High German sagen, German sagen "to say"), from PIE *sokei-, probably from root *seq- "point out" (cf. Hittite shakiya- "to declare," Lithuanian sakyti "to say," Old Church Slavonic sociti "to vindicate, show," Old Irish insce "speech," Old Latin inseque "to tell say").

Past tense said developed from Old English segde. Not attested in use with inanimate objects (clocks, signs, etc.) as subjects before 1930. You said it "you're right" first recorded 1919; you can say that again as a phrase expressing agreement is recorded from 1942, American English. You don't say (so) as an expression of astonishment (often ironic) is first recorded 1779, American English.
say (n.): "what someone says," 1570s, from say (v.). Extended form say-so is first recorded 1630s.
saying (n.): "utterance, recitation, act of the verb 'say,' " c.1300, verbal noun from say (v.); meaning "something that has been said" (usually by someone thought important) is from c.1300; sense of "a proverb" is first attested mid-15c.
Ça va sans dire, a familiar French locution, whose English equivalent might be "that is a matter of course," or "that may be taken for granted." But recently it has become the tendency to translate it literally, "that goes without saying," and these words, though originally uncouth and almost unmeaning to the unpractised ear, are gradually acquiring the exact meaning of the French. [Walsh, 1892]
sayonara: "farewell, good-bye" 1875, from Japanese, literally "if it is to be that way," from sayo "that way," + nara "if."
says: third person singular of say, c. 1300, eventually replacing saith.
sayyid: Muslim title of honor, applied to descendants of Hussein, Muhammad's grandson, 1788, from Arabic sayyid, literally "lord, chief."
sbirro (n.): Italian policeman, 1660s, from Italian, "police officer" (plural sbirri), from Late Latin birrus "red," from Greek pyrros "red," literally "fire-colored," from pyr "fire" (see fire (n.)).
scab (n.): mid-13c., "skin disease," developed from Old English sceabb "scab, itch" (related to scafan "to scratch") and from Old Norse skabb "scab, itch," both from Proto-Germanic *skab- "scratch, shave" (related to shabby). Sense reinforced by cognate Latin scabies "scab, itch, mange" (from scabere "to scratch;" see scabies). Meaning "crust which forms over a wound or sore" is first attested c.1400. Meaning "strikebreaker" first recorded 1806, from earlier sense of "person who refuses to join a trade union" (1777), probably from meaning "despicable person" (1580s), possibly borrowed in this sense from Middle Dutch.
scabbard (n.): c.1300, from Anglo-French *escauberc "sheath, vagina" (13c.), probably from Frankish *skar "blade" (cf. Old High German scar "scissors, blade, sword") + *berg- "protect" (cf. Old High German bergan "to protect").
scabies (n.): skin disease, c.1400, from Latin scabies "mange, itch," from scabere "to scratch," from PIE root *skab- "to scrape, scratch" (cf. Gothic scaban, Old English sceafan "to scrape, shave;" Old Church Slavonic skobli "scraper;" Lithuanian skabus "sharp," skabeti "to cut;" Lettish skabrs "splintery, sharp").
scabrous (adj.): 1570s (implied in scabrously), from Late Latin scabrosus "rough," from Latin scaber "rough, scaly," related to scabere "to scratch, scrape" (see scabies). Sense in English evolved from "harsh, unmusical," to "vulgar" (1881), "squalid" (1939) and "nasty, repulsive" (c.1951).
scad (n.): c.1600, Cornish name for a type of fish abundant on the British coast; perhaps a variant of shad.
scads (n.): "large amounts," 1869, American English, earlier "dollar" (1858, usually in plural), of uncertain origin. Unknown connection to scad, the fish.
scaffold (n.): mid-14c., "wooden framework used in building, etc.," a shortening of an Old North French variant of Old French eschafaut "scaffold," probably altered (by influence of eschace "a prop, support") from chaffaut, from Vulgar Latin *catafalicum (see catafalque).
scag (n.): see skag.
scalable (adj.): 1570s, "able to be climbed;" see scale (v.) + -able. From 1936 as "able to be graded by scale." Related: Scalability.
scalar (adj.): "resembling a ladder," 1650s, from Latin scalaris "of or pertaining to a ladder," from scalae (plural) "ladder, steps" (see scale (n.2)). Mathematical sense first recorded 1846.
scalawag (n.): "disreputable fellow," 1848, American English, originally in trade union jargon, of uncertain origin, perhaps an alteration of Scottish scallag "farm servant, rustic" (by influence of wag "habitual joker"). An early recorded sense was "undersized or worthless animal" (1854), which suggests an alteration of Scalloway, one of the Shetland Islands, in reference to little Shetland ponies. In U.S. history, used from 1862 of anti-Confederate native white Southerners.
scald (v.): early 13c., from Old North French escalder (Old French eschalder, French échauder) "to scald," from Late Latin excaldare "bathe in hot water," from Latin ex- "off" + calidus "hot" (see calorie). Related: Scalded; scalding.
scale (n.1): "skin plates on fish or snakes," c.1300, from Old French escale (12c., Modern French écale) "scale, husk," from Frankish or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *skælo "split, divide" (cf. Old High German scala "shell," Gothic skalja "tile," Old English scealu "shell, husk), from PIE root *(s)kel- "to cut, cleave, split" (cf. Latin culter "knife," scalpere "to cut, scrape;" Old Church Slavonic skolika "mussel, shell," Russian skala "rind, bark," Old English scell "shell").

In reference to humans, as a condition of certain skin diseases, it is attested from c.1400. As what falls from one's eye when blindness ends (usually figurative), it echoes Acts ix:18 (Latin tanquam squamæ, Greek hosei lepides). Verb meaning "to remove the scales from (a fish)" is attested from mid-15c.
scale (n2.): "pan of a balance," late 14c., earlier "drinking cup" (c.1200), from Old Norse skal "bowl, drinking cup," in plural, "weighing scale" from Proto-Germanic *skælo "split, divide" (cf. Old Norse skel "shell," Old English scalu, Old Saxon skala, Old High German scala, German Schale, Middle Dutch scale, Dutch schaal "drinking cup, bowl, shell, scale of a balance"), see scale (n.1).

The connecting sense seems to be of half of a bivalve ("split") shell used as a drinking cup or a pan for weighing. But according to Paulus Diaconus the "drinking cup" sense originated from a supposed custom of making goblets from skulls (see skull).
scale (v.): "to climb," late 14c., from Latin scala, from scandere "to climb" (see scan (v.)). This is also the source (perhaps via Italian scala) of the noun in the musical sense (1590s), and the meaning "proportion of a representation to the actual object" (1660s). Scale down "reduce" is attested from 1887. Scale factor is from 1948. Related: Scaled; scaling.
scalene (adj.): "having unequal sides," 1680s, from Late Latin scalenus, from Greek skalenos "uneven, unequal, rough," from skallein "chop, hoe," related to skelos "leg" (literally "bending") and skolios "crooked," from PIE *(s)kel- "crooked, curved, bent; perverted" (cf. Greek kole "thigh bone," Old Church Slavonic koleno "knee," Lithuanian kelys "knee").
scallion (n.): c.1300, from Anglo-French escalone, Old North French escalogne, or Old French eschaloigne, all from Vulgar Latin *escalonia, from Latin (cæpa) Ascalonia "(onion) from Ascalon," seaport in southwestern Levant (modern Ashkelon). Cognate with shallot.
scallop (n.): "bivalve mollusk," c.1400, from Old French escalope "shell," variant of eschalope, probably from a Germanic source (cf. Old Norse skalpr "sheath," Middle Dutch schelpe "shell"); see scale (n.1). Extended 17c. to objects shaped like scallop shells, especially in design and dress. The verb in the cookery sense, "to bake in a scallop shell-shaped pan," is attested from 1737. Related: Scalloped; scalloping.
scalp (n.): c.1300, presumably from a Scandinavian source (though exact cognates are wanting) related to Old Norse skalli "bald head," skalpr "sheath," from the source of scale (n.2). French scalpe, German, Swedish skalp are from English.