Online Etymology Dictionary

sumptuary (adj.): "pertaining to expense," 1600, from Latin sumptuarius "relating to expenses," from sumptus "expensive" (see sumptuous).
sumptuous (adj.): late 15c., from Old French sumptueux, from Latin sumptuosus "costly, expensive," from sumptus "cost, expense," past participle of sumere "spend, consume, take," contraction of *sub-emere, from sub- "under" + emere "to take, buy" (see exempt (adj.)).
sun (n.): Old English sunne, from Proto-Germanic *sunnon (cf. Old Norse, Old Saxon, Old High German sunna, Middle Dutch sonne, Dutch zon, German Sonne, Gothic sunno), from PIE *s(u)wen- (cf. Avestan xueng "sun," Old Irish fur-sunnud "lighting up"), alternative form of root *saewel- "to shine, sun" (see Sol).

Old English sunne was fem., and the fem. pronoun was used until 16c.; since then masc. has prevailed. The empire on which the sun never sets (1630) originally was the Spanish, later the British. To have one's place in the sun (1680s) is from Pascal's "Pensées"; the German imperial foreign policy sense (1897) is from a speech by von Bülow.
sun (v.): 1510s, "to set something in the sun," from sun (n.). Meaning "to expose oneself to the sun" is recorded from c.1600. Sun-bathing is attested from c.1600.
sunbeam (n.): Old English, from sun (n.) + beam (n.).
Sunbelt (n.): 1969, with reference to the Southern U.S., from sun (n.) + belt (n.).
sunburn (v.): 1520s, from sun (n.) + burn (v.). Sunburnt (c.1400) is older than sunburned (c.1500, sunne y-brent). As a noun from 1650s.
sundae (n.): 1897, American English, thought to be an alteration of Sunday, perhaps re-spelled in deference to religious feelings; but the reason for the name is uncertain; perhaps "ice cream left over from Sunday, on sale later." For a fuller account of the speculations, see H.L. Mencken, "The American Language," Supplement I (1945), pp.376-7.
Sunday (n.): Old English Sunnandæg, literally "day of the sun," from sunnan, oblique case of sunne "sun" (see sun (n.)) + dæg "day" (see day).

A West Germanic loan-translation of Latin dies solis "day of the sun," which is itself a loan-translation of Greek hemera heliou. Cf. Old Norse sunnundagr, German Sonntag "Sunday." Like other weekday names, not regularly capitalized until 17c. Sunday school dates from 1783 (originally for secular instruction); Sunday clothes is from 1640s. Sunday driver is from 1925.
sunder (v.): Old English sundrian, from sundor "separately, apart," from Proto-Germanic *sunder (cf. Old Norse sundr, Old Frisian sunder, Old High German suntar "aside, apart"), from PIE root *sen(e)- denoting "separation" (cf. Sanskrit sanutar "far away," Avestan hanare "without," Greek ater "without," Latin sine "without," Old Church Slavonic svene "without," Old Irish sain "different"). Related: Sundered; sundering.
sundial (n.): 1590s, from sun (n.) + dial (n.).
sundog (n.): "mock sun, parhelion," 1650s, of obscure origin.
sundown (n.): 1610s, from sun (n.) + down (adv.).
sundries (n.): 1755, plural of sundry (adj.) used as a noun.
sundry (adj.): Old English syndrig "separate, apart, special," related to sundor "separately" (see sunder). Phrase all and sundry first recorded 1389; sundries "odds and ends" is first found 1755.
sunfish (n.): 1620s, from sun (n.) + fish (n.). Used of various species, with reference to round shape or brilliant appearance. Short form sunny is attested from 1835.
sunflower (n.): 1560s, "heliotrope;" in reference to the helianthus (introduced to Europe 1510 from America by the Spaniards) it is attested from 1590s. From sun (n.) + flower (n.).
sunglasses (n.): 1917, from sun (n.) + glasses. Earlier sunglass (1804) meant a burning glass.
sunlight (n.): c.1200; see sun (n.) + light (n.).
Sunni: 1620s, from Arabic, literally "lawful," from Sunna "traditional teachings of Muhammad," literally "way, custom, course, tradition." Muslims who accept the orthodox tradition as well as the Quran.
sunny (adj.): "full of sun," c.1300, from sun (n.) + -y (2). Figurative sense of "cheerful" is attested from 1540s. Related: Sunnily; sunniness. Eggs served sunny side up first attested 1900.
sunrise (n.): mid-15c., from sun (n.) + rise (v.); perhaps evolved from a 14c. subjunctive, e.g. before the sun rise.
sunroof (n.): of a car, 1966, from sun (n.) + roof (n.).
sunscreen (n.): as a type of lotion applied to the skin, by 1954, from sun (n.) + screen (n.).
sunset (n.): late 14c., from sun (n.) + set (v.).
sunshine (n.): mid-13c., from sun (n.) + shine (n.). Sunshine law in reference to U.S. open meeting legislation is recorded from 1972, from the notion of shining the light of public access on deliberations formerly held behind closed doors.
sunspot (n.): 1868, in astronomy, from sun (n.) + spot (n.). Earlier "a spot on the skin caused by exposure to the sun" (1818).
sunstroke (n.): 1851, from sun (n.) + stroke (n.); translating French coup de soleil.
suntan (v.): also sun-tan, 1821, from sun (n.) + tan (v.). Related: Suntanned; suntanning. As a noun from 1904.
sunup (n.): also sun-up, 1712, from sun (n.) + up (adv.).
sup (v.1): "eat the evening meal," late 13c., from Old French super, which probably is from soupe "broth" (see soup), until recently still the traditional evening meal of French workers.
sup (v.2): "sip," Old English supan (West Saxon), suppan, supian (Northumbrian) "to sip, swallow," from Proto-Germanic *supanan (cf. Old Norse supa "to sip, drink," Middle Low German supen, Dutch zuipen "to drink, tipple, booze," Old High German sufan, German saufen "to drink, booze"), from PIE *sub-, from root *seue- "to take liquid" (cf. Sanskrit sunoti "presses out juice," soma; Avestan haoma, Persian hom "juice;" Greek huetos "rain," huein "to rain;" Latin sugere "to suck," succus "juice, sap;" Lithuanian sula "flowing sap;" Old Church Slavonic soku "sap," susati "suck;" Middle Irish suth "sap;" Old English seaw "sap").
super (adj.): "first-rate, excellent," 1837, from prefix in superfine (1682), denoting "highest grade of goods," from Latin super "above, over, beyond" (see super-). Extended usage as a general term of approval is 1895 slang, revived 1960s. Rhyming reduplication form super-duper first attested 1940.
super-: word-forming element from Latin adverb and preposition super "above, over, on the top (of), beyond, besides, in addition to," from PIE *uper "over" (cf. Sanskrit upari, Avestan upairi "over, above, beyond," Greek hyper, Old English ofer "over," Gothic ufaro "over, across," Gaulish ver-, Old Irish for), comparative of root *upo "under."
superable (adj.): "surmountable," 1620s, from Latin superabilis "that may be overcome," from superare "to overcome," from super "over" (see super-) + -abilis (see -able). The negative formation insuperable is older and more common and this may be a back-formation.
superabundance (n.): early 15c., superaboundance; see super + abundance.
superannuate (v.): 1640s, back-formation from superannuated. Related: Superannuating.
superannuated (adj.): "retired on account of old age," 1630s, "obsolete, out of date," from Medieval Latin superannuatus "more than a year old" (of cattle), from Latin super "beyond, over" (see super-) + annus "year" (see annual).
superannuation (n.): 1650s, noun of action from superannuate.
superb (adj.): 1540s, "noble, magnificent" (of buildings, monuments, etc.), from Latin superbus "grand, proud, sumptuous," from super "above, over" (see super-). The second element probably is from PIE root *bhe- "to be." General sense of "very fine" developed by 1729.
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: from song in 1964 Disney movie version of "Mary Poppins;" subject of a lawsuit based on earlier song title "Supercalafajalistickexpialadojus" (1949), but other versions of the word also were in circulation.
supercede (v.): see supersede. Related: Superceded; superceding.
supercharge (v.): 1919, originally of internal combustion engines, from super- + past tense of charge (v.). Related: Supercharged; supercharging.
supercilious (adj.): 1520s, from Latin superciliosus "haughty, arrogant," from supercilium "haughty demeanor, pride," literally "eyebrow" (via notion of raising the eyebrow to express haughtiness), from super "above" (see super-) + second element akin to cilium "eyelid," related to celare "to cover, hide," from PIE root *kel- "to conceal" (see cell).
Since cilium is more recent than supercilium, the former can be interpreted as a back-formation to the latter .... If indeed derived from the root *kel- 'to hide', we must still assume that a noun *kilium 'eyelid' existed, since the eyelid can 'hide' the eye, whereas the eyebrow does not have such a function. Thus, supercilium may originally have meant 'what is above the cilium'. [Michiel de Vaan, "Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages," Leiden, 2008]
supercilium (n.): 1560s, Latin, literally "eyebrow, ridge, summit; haughtiness" (see supercilious).
supercomputer (n.): 1968, from super- + computer.
superconductor (n.): 1913, translation of Dutch suprageleider, coined by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853-1926). See super- + computer.
superego (n.): that part of the psyche which controls the impulses of the id," 1924, as a translation of German über-Ich; see super- and ego.
supererogation (n.): 1520s, "the doing of more than duty requires," in Catholic theology, from Late Latin supererogationem (nominative supererogatio) "a payment in addition," from past participle stem of supererogare "pay or do additionally," from Latin super "above, over" (see super-) + erogare "pay out," from ex- "out" + rogare "ask, request" (see rogation).
supererogatory (adj.): 1590s, from Medieval Latin supererogatorius, from supererogat-, stem of supererogare (see supererogation).