Online Etymology Dictionary

sucrose (n.): 1857, formed from French sucre "sugar" (see sugar) + chemical suffix -ose (2).
suction (n.): 1620s, from Late Latin suctionem (nominative suctio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin sugere "to suck" (see suck).
Sudan: 1842, from Arabic Bilad-al-sudan, literally "country of the blacks," from sud, plural of aswad (fem. sauda) "black."
sudden (adj.): late 13c., perhaps via Anglo-French sodein, from Old French subdain "immediate, sudden," from Vulgar Latin *subitanus, variant of Latin subitaneus "sudden," from subitus "come or go up stealthily," from sub "up to" + ire "come, go." Phrase all of a sudden first attested 1680s, earlier of a sudayn (1590s), upon the soden (1550s). Sudden death, tie-breakers in sports, first recorded 1927; earlier in reference to coin tosses (1834).
Sudetenland: from German, named for the Sudeten Mountains; mentioned by Ptolemy (2c.) but of unknown origin, perhaps Illyrian.
suds (n.): 1540s, "dregs, leavings, muck," especially in East Anglia, "ooze left by flood" (this may be the original sense), perhaps borrowed from Middle Dutch sudse "marsh, bog," cognate with Old English soden, past participle of seoþan (see seethe). Meaning "soapy water" dates from 1580s; slang meaning "beer" first attested 1904.
sue (v.): c.1200, "continue, persevere," from Anglo-French suer "follow after, continue," from Old French sivre, later suivre "pursue, follow after," from Vulgar Latin *sequere "follow," from Latin sequi "follow" (see sequel). Sense of "start a lawsuit against" first recorded c.1300, on notion of "following up" a matter in court. Sometimes short for ensue or pursue. Related: Sued; suing.
Sue: fem. proper name, a shortened or familiar form of Susan.
suede (n.): undressed kid skin, 1884, from gants de Suède (1859), literally "gloves of Sweden," from French Suède "Sweden" (see Swede).
suet (n.): late 14c., "solid fat formed in the torsos of cattle and sheep," probably from an Anglo-French diminutive of sius, the nominative use of sue, seu "tallow, grease," from Old French sieu "tallow," from Latin sebum "tallow, grease" (see sebum).
Suez: from Arabic as-suways, from Egyptian suan "beginning," in reference to the port at the head of the Red Sea. The modern Suez Canal opened in 1869.
suffer (v.): early 13c., "to be made to undergo, endure" (pain, death, punishment, judgment, grief), from Anglo-French suffrir, Old French sufrir, from Vulgar Latin *sufferire, variant of Latin sufferre "to bear, undergo, endure, carry or put under," from sub "up, under" (see sub-) + ferre "to carry" (see infer).

Replaced Old English þolian, þrowian. Meaning "to meekly submit to hardship" is from late 13c. That of "to undergo" (distress, suffering, etc.) is mid-14c. Meaning "to tolerate, allow" something to occur or continue is recorded from mid-13c. Related: Suffered; suffering.
sufferable (adj.): mid-14c., "allowed, permissible;" late 14c., "able to be endured," from Anglo-French, Old French souffrable and Anglo-Latin sufferabilis; see suffer + -able.
sufferance (n.): c.1300, "enduring of hardship, affliction, etc.," also "allowance of wrongdoing," from Old French suffrance, from Late Latin sufferentia, from sufferre (see suffer).
suffering (n.): "patient enduring of hardship," mid-14c.; "undergoing of punishment, affliction, etc.," late 14c., verbal noun from suffer (v.).
suffice (v.): early 14c., from stem of Old French souffire "be sufficient," from Latin sufficere "supply, suffice," from sub "up to" (see sub-) + root of facere "to make" (see factitious). Phrase suffice it to say (late 14c.) is a rare surviving subjunctive.
sufficiency (n.): late 15c., from Latin sufficientia, from sufficiens (see sufficient) + -cy. Sufficience is from late 14c.
sufficient (adj.): early 14c., from Old French sufficient, from Latin sufficiens, present participle of sufficere (see suffice).
sufficiently (adv.): late 14c., from sufficient + -ly (2).
suffix (n.): 1778, from Modern Latin suffixum, noun use of neuter of Latin suffixus "fastened," past participle of suffigere "fasten, fix on," from sub "upon" (see sub-) + figere "fasten" (see fix (v.)).
suffix (v.): in the grammatical sense, 1778, from suffix (n.). Related: Suffixed; suffixing.
suffocate (v.): early 15c., from Latin suffocatus, past participle of suffocare (see suffocation). Related: Suffocated; suffocating.
suffocation (n.): late 14c., from Middle French suffocation, from Latin suffocationem (nominative suffocatio) "a choking, stifling," from past participle stem of suffocare "suffocate," originally "to narrow up," from sub "up (from under)" (see sub-) + fauces (plural) "throat, narrow entrance."
Suffolk: Old English Suþfolcci (895); see Norfolk.
suffragan (n.): late 14c., "bishop who assists another bishop," from Anglo-French and Old French suffragan (13c.), from Medieval Latin suffraganeus "assisting, supporting," from Latin suffragium "support" (see suffrage).
suffrage (n.): late 14c., "prayers or pleas on behalf of another," from Old French suffrage (13c.), from Medieval Latin suffragium, from Latin suffragium "support, vote, right of voting," from suffragari "lend support, vote for someone," from sub "under" (see sub-) + fragor "crash, din, shouts (as of approval)," related to frangere "to break" (see fraction). The meaning "right to vote" is first found in the U.S. Constitution, 1787.
suffragette (n.): "female supporter of the cause of women's voting rights," 1906, from suffrage, with French fem. ending in vogue at the time. Earlier (without reference to sex) suffragist (1822) "advocate of extension of the political franchise in Britain," or, in the U.S., of voting rights for free blacks. Especially with reference to women after c.1885.
suffragist (n.): 1822, from suffrage + -ist.
suffuse (v.): 1580s, from Latin suffusus, past participle of suffundere (see suffusion). Related: Suffused; suffusing.
suffusion (n.): late 14c., from Latin suffusionem (nominative suffusio) "a pouring over," from suffusus, past participle of suffundere "pour upon, overspread, suffuse," from sub "under" + fundere "to pour" (see found (2)).
Sufi: member of a Muslim mystical order, 1650s (earlier Sufian, 1580s), from Arabic sufi, literally "man of wool" (i.e., "man wearing woolen garments"), from suf "wool." So-called from the habit of "putting on the holy garment" (labs-as-suf) to devote oneself to mysticism.
sufism (n.): 1817, from Sufi + -ism.
sugar (n.): late 13c., sugre, from Old French sucre "sugar" (12c.), from Medieval Latin succarum, from Arabic sukkar, from Persian shakar, from Sanskrit sharkara "ground or candied sugar," originally "grit, gravel" (cognate with Greek kroke "pebble"). The Arabic word also was borrowed in Italian (zucchero), Spanish (azucar), and German (Old High German zucura, German Zucker), and its forms are represented in most European languages (cf. Serb. cukar, Polish cukier, Russian sakhar).

Its Old World home was India (Alexander the Great's companions marveled at the "honey without bees") and it remained exotic in Europe until the Arabs began to cultivate it in Sicily and Spain; not until after the Crusades did it begin to rival honey as the West's sweetener. The Spaniards in the West Indies began raising sugar cane in 1506; first grown in Cuba 1523; first cultivated in Brazil 1532. The -g- in the English form cannot be accounted for. The pronunciation shift from s- to sh- is probably from the initial long vowel sound syu- (as in sure). Slang "euphemistic substitute for an imprecation" [OED] is attested from 1891. As a term of endearment, first recorded 1930. Sugar maple is from 1753. Sugar loaf was originally a moulded conical mass of refined sugar (early 15c.); they're now obsolete, but sense extended 17c. to hills, hats, etc. of that shape.
sugar (v.): early 15c., "to sweeten with sugar," also figuratively, "to make more pleasing, mitigate the harshness of," from sugar (n.). Related: Sugared; sugaring.
sugar daddy (n.): also sugar-daddy, "elderly man who lavishes gifts on a young woman," 1926, from sugar + daddy.
sugar-plum (n.): c.1600; see sugar (n.) + plum (n.). As a type of small round candy, from 1660s.
sugarcoat (v.): also sugar-coat, 1870, originally of medicine; figuratively, "make more palatable," from 1910. Related: Sugarcoated; sugarcoating.
sugary (adj.): 1590s, from sugar (n.) + -y (2).
suggest (v.): 1520s, from Latin suggestus, past participle of suggerere (see suggestion). Related: Suggested; suggesting.
suggestible (adj.): 1890, "capable of being influenced," from suggest + -ible. Meaning "that can be suggested" is from 1905.
suggestion (n.): mid-14c., "a prompting to evil," from Anglo-French and Old French suggestioun, from Latin suggestionem (nominative suggestio) "an addition, intimation, suggestion," from suggestus, past participle of suggerere "suggest, supply, bring up," from sub "up" (see sub-) + gerere "bring, carry" (see gest). Sense evolution in Latin is from "heap up, build" to "bring forward an idea." Meaning "proposal" appeared by late 14c., but original English notion of "evil prompting" is preserved in suggestive (1630s, though the indecent aspect did not emerge until 1888). Hypnotism sense is from 1887.
suggestive (adj.): 1630s, "conveying a hint," from suggest + -ive. Specifically as a faintly euphemistic reference to proposals of indecent behavior, from 1888. Related: Suggestively; suggestiveness.
sui generis: 1787, Latin, literally "of one's own kind, peculiar." First element from sui, genitive of suus "his, her, its, one's," from Old Latin sovos, from PIE root *swe-, pronoun of the third person (see idiom).
sui juris: 1610s, "of full legal age and capacity," in ancient Rome, "of the status of one not subject to the patria potestas." For first element, see sui generis; for second element, see jurist.
suicidal (adj.): 1777, from suicide + -al (1). Related: Suicidally.
suicide (n.): "deliberate killing of oneself," 1650s, from Modern Latin suicidium "suicide," from Latin sui "of oneself" (genitive of se "self"), from PIE *s(u)w-o- "one's own," from root *s(w)e- (see idiom) + -cidium "a killing" (see -cide). Probably an English coinage; much maligned by Latin purists because it "may as well seem to participate of sus, a sow, as of the pronoun sui" [Phillips]. The meaning "person who kills himself deliberately" is from 1728. In Anglo-Latin, the term for "one who commits suicide" was felo-de-se, literally "one guilty concerning himself."
November, the suicide season. [Samuel Foote, "The Bankrupt," 1773]
In England, suicides were legally criminal if sane, but not if judged to have been mentally deranged. The criminal ones were given degrading burial in roadways until 1823. Suicide blonde first attested 1942. Baseball suicide squeeze is attested from 1955.
suit (n.): c.1300, "attendance at court, the company attending," also their livery or uniform, via Anglo-French siwte, from Old French suitte "attendance, act of following," from Gallo-Romance *sequita, fem. of *sequitus, from Latin secutus, past participle of sequi "to attend, follow" (see sequel). Meaning "application to a court for justice, lawsuit" is first recorded early 15c. Meaning "set of clothes to be worn together" is attested from early 15c., from notion of the livery or uniform of court attendants (a sense recorded from late 13c.). As a derisive term for "businessman," it dates from 1979. Meaning "set of playing cards bearing the same symbol" is first attested 1520s, also from the notion of livery. Hence, to follow suit (1670s), which is from card playing.
suit (v.): "be agreeable or convenient," 1570s, from suit (n.), probably from the notion of "provide with a set of new clothes."
suitability (n.): 1680s, from suitable + -ity.
suitable (adj.): 1580s, from suit + -able. Earlier suit-like (1560s); suitly (mid-15c.).