Online Etymology Dictionary

satisfied (adj.): 1816, past participle adjective from satisfy.
satisfy (v.): early 15c., from Middle French satisfier, from Old French satisfaire, from Latin satisfacere "discharge fully, comply with, make amends," literally "do enough," from satis "enough" (from PIE root *sa- "to satisfy;" see sad) + facere "perform" (see factitious). Related: Satisfied; satisfying.
satisfying (adj.): 1550s, present participle adjective from satisfy.
satori (n.): 1727, from Japanese, literally "spiritual awakening."
satrap (n.): late 14c., "governor of a province of ancient Persia," from Latin satrapes, from Greek satrapes, from Old Persian kshathrapavan-, literally "guardian of the realm," from kshathra- "realm, province" (related to kshayathiya- "king," cognate with Sanskrit kshatra; cf. shah) + pavan- "guardian," from pa- "to protect."
sattva: "truth" (in Hindu philosophy), from Sanskrit sattvah "truth," literally "being," cognate with Gothic sunjis, Old English soð "true" (see sooth).
saturate (v.): 1530s, "to satisfy, satiate," from Latin saturatus, past participle of saturare "to fill full, sate, drench," from satur "sated, full," from PIE root *sa- "to satisfy" (see sad). Meaning "soak thoroughly" first recorded 1756. Marketing sense first recorded 1958. Related: Saturated; saturating.
saturation (n.): 1650s, from Late Latin saturationem, noun of action from past participle stem of saturare (see saturate). Saturation bombing is from 1942, first in reference to Allied air raid on Cologne.
Saturday: Old English Sæterdæg, Sæternesdæg, literally "day of the planet Saturn," from Sæternes (genitive of Sætern; see Saturn) + Old English dæg "day." Partial loan-translation of Latin Saturni dies "Saturn's day" (cf. Dutch zaterdag, Old Frisian saterdi, Middle Low German satersdach; Irish dia Sathuirn, Welsh dydd Sadwrn). The Latin word is itself a loan-translation of Greek kronou hemera, literally "the day of Cronus."

Unlike other day names, no god substitution seems to have been attempted, perhaps because the northern European pantheon lacks a clear corresponding figure to Roman Saturn. An ancient Nordic custom, however, seems to be preserved in Old Norse laugardagr, Danish lørdag, Swedish lördag "Saturday," literally "bath day" (cf. Old Norse laug "bath"). German Samstag (Old High German sambaztag) appears to be from a Greek *sambaton, a nasalized colloquial form of sabbaton "sabbath," also attested in Old Church Slavonic sabota, Russian subbota, French samedi.

Saturday night has been famous for "drunkenness and looseness in relations between the young men and young women" since at least mid-19c. Saturday-night special "cheap, low-caliber handgun" is American English, attested from 1976 (earlier Saturday-night pistol, 1929).
Saturn: Old English Sætern "Italic god," also "most remote planet" (then known), from Latin Saturnus, Italic god of agriculture, possibly from Etruscan. Derivation from Latin serere (past participle satus) "to sow" is said to be folk-etymology.

Identified with Greek Kronos, father of Zeus. Also the alchemical name for lead (late 14c.). In Akkadian, the planet was kaiamanu, literally "constant, enduring," hence Hebrew kiyyun, Arabic and Persian kaiwan "Saturn."
saturnalia (n.): "time of merrymaking," 1590s, from Latin Saturnalia, ancient Roman festival of Saturn (held in December), a time of merrymaking for all, from neuter plural of adjective Saturnalis "pertaining to Saturn," from Saturnus (see Saturn). The extended sense of "period of unrestrained revelry" is first attested 1782.
saturnine (adj.): "gloomy, morose, sluggish, grave," mid-15c., literally "born under the influence of the planet Saturn," from Middle English Saturne (see Saturn). Medieval physiology believed these characteristics to be caused by the astrological influence of the planet Saturn, which was the most remote from the Sun (in the limited knowledge of the times) and thus coldest and slowest in its revolution.
satyagraha: Indian form of passive resistance, 1920, in writings of M.K. Gandhi, from Sanskrit satyagraha "insistence on truth," from satya "truth" + agraha "pertinacity."
satyr (n.): woodland deity, companion of Bacchus, late 14c., from Latin satyrus, from Greek satyros, of unknown origin. In pre-Roman Greek art, a man-like being with the tail and ears of a horse; the modern conception of a being part man, part goat, is from Roman sculptors, who seem to have assimilated them to the fauns of native mythology. In some English bibles used curiously to translate Hebrew se'irim, a type of hairy monster superstitiously believed to inhabit deserts.
satyriasis (n.): "excessively great venereal desire in the male," 1650s, medical Latin, from Greek satyriasis, from satyros (see satyr).
sauce (n.): mid-14c., from Old French sauce, sausse, from noun use of Latin salsa, fem. singular or neuter plural of salsus "salted," from past participle of Old Latin sallere "to salt," from sal (genitive salis) "salt" (see salt (n.)).

Meaning "something which adds piquancy to words or actions" is recorded from c.1500; sense of "impertinence" first recorded 1835 (see saucy, and cf. sass). Slang meaning "liquor" first attested 1940. Colloquial saucebox "one addicted to making saucy remarks" is from 1580s.
saucepan (n.): 1680s, from sauce + pan (n.).
saucer (n.): mid-14c., from Old French saucier "sauce dish," from Late Latin salsarium, neuter of salsarius "of or for salted things," from Latin salsus (see sauce). Meaning "small, round, shallow vessel for supporting a cup" is attested from c.1702.
saucily (adv.): 1540s; see saucy + -ly (2).
saucy (adj.): c.1500, "resembling sauce," later "impertinent, cheeky" (1520s), from sauce (q.v.). The connecting notion is the figurative sense of "piquancy in words or actions." Cf. sauce malapert "impertinence" (1520s), and slang phrase to have eaten sauce "be abusive" (1520s). Also cf. salty in same senses.
Saudi: from Sa'ud, family name of the rulers of Nejd from 18c. and of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 1932.
sauerkraut (n.): 1610s, from German Sauerkraut, literally "sour cabbage," from sauer "sour" + Kraut "vegetable, cabbage," from Old High German krut, from Proto-Germanic *kruthan.
They pickle it [cabbage] up in all high Germany, with salt and barberies, and so keepe it all the yeere, being commonly the first dish you have served in at table, which they call their sawerkrant. [James Hart, "Klinike, or the diet of the diseased," 1633]
In U.S. slang, figurative use for "a German" dates from 1858 (cf. kraut). "The effort to substitute liberty-cabbage for sauerkraut, made by professional patriots in 1918, was a complete failure." [Mencken]. French choucroute (19c.) is from Alsatian German surkrut (corresponding to German Sauerkraut), with folk etymology alteration based on chou "cabbage" + croûte "crust" (n.).
Sauk: midwestern U.S. Indian tribe, 1722, from French Canadian Saki, from Ojibwa ozaagii (cf. Sauk asakiwa "person of the outlet").
Saul: masc. proper name, Biblical first king of Israel, from Latin Saul, from Hebrew Shaul, literally "asked for," passive part. of sha'al "he asked for."
sault (n.): "waterfall or rapid," 1600, from colonial French sault, 17c. spelling of saut "to leap," from Latin saltus, from salire "to leap" (see salient).
sauna (n.): 1881, from Finnish sauna.
saunter (v.): late 15c., santren "to muse, be in reverie," of uncertain origin. Meaning "walk with a leisurely gait" is from 1660s, and may be a different word entirely. Some suggest this word derives via Anglo-French sauntrer (mid-14c.) from French s'aventurer "to take risks," but OED finds this "unlikely." Related: Sauntered; sauntering.
saunter (n.): "a leisurely stroll," 1828, from saunter (v.).
saurian: reptile of the order Sauria, 1807, from Modern Latin sauria "the order of reptiles," from Greek sauros "lizard" (see -saurus). Sauropod is 1891, from Modern Latin sauropoda (O.C. Marsh, 1884), second element from Greek pous "foot" (see foot).
sausage (n.): mid-15c., sawsyge, from Old North French saussiche (fr. saucisse), from Vulgar Latin *salsica "sausage," from salsicus "seasoned with salt," from Latin salsus "salted" (see sauce).
saute: 1813, from French sauté, literally "jumped, bounced" (in reference to tossing while cooking), past participle of sauter "to jump," from Latin saltare "to hop, dance," frequentative of salire "to leap" (see salient). Related: Sauteed.
Sauterne: also Sauternes, 1711, from Sauterne, district near Bordeaux where it is made.
savage (adj.): c.1300, "wild, undomesticated, untamed" (of animals and places), from Old French sauvage, salvage "wild, savage, untamed," from Late Latin salvaticus, alteration of silvaticus "wild," literally "of the woods," from silva "forest, grove" (see sylvan). Of persons, the meaning "reckless, ungovernable" is attested from c.1400, earlier in sense "indomitable, valiant" (c.1300). Implications of ferocity are attested from 1570s, earlier of animals (c.1400).
savage (n.): "wild person," 1580s, from savage (adj.).
savage (v.): "to tear with the teeth, maul," 1880, from savage (adj.). Related: Savaged; savaging.
savagely (adv.): c.1400; see savage (adj.) + -ly (2).
savagery (n.): 1590s; see savage (adj.) + -ry.
savannah (n.): also savanna, "treeless plain," 1550s, from Spanish sabana, earlier zavana "treeless plain," from Taino (Arawakan) zabana. In U.S. use, "a tract of low-lying marshy ground" (1670s).
savant (n.): 1719, from French savant "a learned man," noun use of adjective savant "learned, knowing," former present participle of savoir "to know," from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *sapere, from Latin sapere "be wise" (see sapient).
savate (n.): French method of fighting with the feet, 1862, from French savate, literally "a kind of shoe" (see sabotage).
save (v.): early 13c., "to deliver (one's soul) from sin and its consequences;" mid-13c., "to deliver or rescue from peril," from Old French sauver, from Late Latin salvare "make safe, secure," from Latin salvus "safe" (see safe (adj.)). Meaning "store up, to keep instead of spending" is attested from mid-14c. Save face (1898) first was used among the British community in China and is said to be from Chinese; it has not been found in Chinese, but tiu lien "to lose face" does occur. To not (do something) to save one's life is recorded from 1848.
save (n.): in the sports sense of "act of preventing opponent from scoring," 1890, from save (v.).
save (prep.): c.1300, from safe (q.v.), paralleling evolution in Old French sauf "safe," prepositional use of the adjective, in phrases such as saulve l'honneur "save (our) honor."
saved (adj.): "delivered from damnation," c.1300, past participle adjective from save (v.). Saved by the bell (1932) is from prize fighting.
saveloy (n.): 1837, corruption of French cervelas, from Italian cervellata, from cervello "brain." So called because it originally was made of pigs' brains.
saver (n.): c.1300, "savior," agent noun from save (v.). Meaning "one who economizes" is 1540s; meaning "means of saving" is from 1660s.
savings (n.): "money saved," 1737; see save. Related: Savings account attested by 1882; savings bank, 1817. S & L for savings and loan attested from 1951.
savior (n.): c.1300, "one who delivers or rescues from peril," also a title of Jesus Christ, from Old French sauveour, from Late Latin salvatorem (nominative salvator) "a saver, preserver" (cf. Spanish salvador, Italian salvatore), from salvatus, past participle of salvare "to save" (see save (v.)). In Christian sense, translation of Greek soter "savior." Replaced Old English hælend, literally "healing," noun use of present participle of hælan (see heal).
saviour (n.): chiefly British English spelling of savior (q.v.); for suffix, see -or.
savoir faire: 1815, from French, literally "to know (how) to do," from savoir "to know" (from Latin sapere; see sapient) + faire (from Latin facere; see factitious). Instinctive knowledge of the right course of action in any circumstance. French also has savoir vivre "ability in good society; knowledge of customs in the world."