Online Etymology Dictionary

stinger (n.): 1550s, agent noun from sting (v.).
stingray (n.): 1620s, from sting + ray (n.2).
stingy (adj.): "niggardly, penurious, tight-fisted," 1650s, possibly a dialectal alteration of earlier stingy "biting, sharp, stinging" (1610s), from sting (v.). Back-formation stinge "a stingy person" is recorded from 1914.
stink (v.): Old English stincan "emit a smell of any kind" (class III strong verb; past tense stonc), from West Germanic *stenkwanan (cf. Old Saxon stincan, Old High German stinkan, Dutch stinken), from the root of stench. Old English swote stincan "to smell sweet," but offensive sense began in Old English and was primary by mid-13c.; smell now tends the same way. Figurative meaning "be offensive" is from early 13c.; meaning "be inept" is recorded from 1924. To stink to high heaven first recorded 1963.
stink (n.): c.1300, from stink (v.). Sense of "extensive fuss" first recorded 1812.
stink eye (n.): "dirty look," by 1972, perhaps from Hawaiian slang.
stinker (n.): as a term of abuse (often banteringly), c.1600, agent noun from stink (v.); also in the same sense was stinkard (c.1600).
stinking (adj.): present participle adjective from stink (v.). Modifying drunk, first attested 1887; stinking rich dates from 1956.
stinky (adj.): 1888, from stink + -y (2). Related: Stinkiness.
stint (v.): "to limit, restrain, to be sparing or frugal," Old English styntan "to blunt, make dull," from Proto-Germanic *stuntijanan (cf. Old Norse stuttr "short, scant," Middle High German stunz "blunt, short," German stutzen "to cut short, curtail, stop, hesitate"), from PIE root *(s)teu- "to beat, strike, push, thrust" (see steep (adj.)). Related: Stinted; stinting. The noun is attested from c.1300.
stipe: 1785, from French stipe, from Latin stipes "log, post, tree trunk" (see stiff (adj.)).
stipend (n.): early 15c., from Latin stipendium "tax, pay, gift," from stips "alms, small payment" + pendere "weigh" (see pendant).
stipple (v.): 1670s, from Dutch stippelen "to make points," frequentative of stippen "to prick, speckle," from stip "a point," probably ultimately from PIE root *st(e)ig- "pointed" (see stick (v.)).
stipulate (v.): 1620s, from Latin stipulatus, past participle of stipulari (see stipulation). Related: Stipulated; stipulating.
stipulation (n.): 1550s, "engagement or undertaking to do something," from Latin stipulationem (nominative stipulatio), from past participle stem of stipulari "exact a promise." Traditionally said to be from Latin stipula "straw," in reference to some obscure symbolic act; this is rejected by most authorities, who, however, have not come up with a better guess. Meaning "act of specifying one of the terms of a contract or agreement" is recorded from 1750.
stipule (n.): "small appendage at the base of the petiole of a leaf," 1793, from French stipule, from Latin stipula "stalk (of hay), straw."
stir (v.): Old English styrian, from Proto-Germanic *sturjanan (cf. Middle Dutch stoeren, Dutch storen "to disturb," Old High German storan "to scatter, destroy," German stören "to disturb"), probably from the root of storm (q.v.). The noun sense of "commotion, disturbance, tumult" (late 14c., in phrase on steir) is probably from Old Norse styrr "disturbance, tumult" (see storm), from the same Proto-Germanic root; the sense of "movement, bustle" is probably from the English verb. Stir-fry (v.) is attested from 1959.
stir-crazy (adj.): 1908, from crazy + stir "prison" (1851), probably from Start Newgate (1757), prison in London, later any prison (1823), probably from Romany stardo "imprisoned," related to staripen "a prison." Mid-19c. sturaban, sturbin "state prison" seem to be transitional forms.
stirpes: plural of stirps, Latin, literally "stem, stalk."
stirring (n.): "a beginning to move," mid-14c., verbal noun from stir (v). Figurative sense by late 14c. Related: Stirrings.
stirrup (n.): Old English stigrap, literally "climbing rope," from stige "a climbing, ascent" (from Proto-Germanic *stigaz "climbing;" see stair) + rap (see rope). Originally a looped rope as a help for mounting. Germanic cognates include Old Norse stigreip, Old High German stegareif, German stegreif. Surgical device used in childbirth, etc., so called from 1884. Stirrup-cup (1680s) was a cup of wine or other drink handed to a man already on horseback and setting out on a journey, hence "a parting glass" (cf. French le vin de l'etrier).
stitch (n.): Old English stice "a prick, puncture," from Proto-Germanic *stikiz, from the root of stick (v.). The sense of "sudden, stabbing pain in the side" was in late Old English. Senses in sewing and shoemaking first recorded late 13c.; meaning "bit of clothing one is (or isn't) wearing" is from c.1500. Meaning "a stroke of work" (of any kind) is attested from 1580s. Surgical sense first recorded 1520s. Sense of "amusing person or thing" is 1968, from notion of laughing so much one gets stitches of pain (cf. verbal expression to have (someone) in stitches, 1935).
stitch (v.): early 13c., "to stab, pierce," also "to fasten or adorn with stitches;" see stitch (n.). Related: Stitched; stitching.
stoa (n.): "portico," c.1600, from Greek stoa "colonnade, corridor," from PIE *sta- "to stand" (see stet).
stoat (n.): mid-15c., stote, "ermine in its summer coat of brown," of uncertain origin. The word bears resemblance to Old Norse stutr "bull," Swedish stut "bull," Danish stud "ox," but the sense is difficult unless a common notion is "male animal."
stochastic (adj.): 1660s, "pertaining to conjecture," from Greek stokhastikos "able to guess, conjecturing," from stokhazesthai "guess," from stokhos "a guess, aim, target, mark," literally "pointed stick set up for archers to shoot at" (see sting). The sense of "randomly determined" is first recorded 1934, from German stochastik.
stock (n.1): Old English stocc "stump, post, stake, tree trunk, log," also "pillory" (usually plural, stocks), from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz "tree trunk" (cf. Old Norse stokkr "block of wood, trunk of a tree," Old Saxon, Old Frisian stok, Middle Dutch stoc "tree trunk, stump," Dutch stok "stick, cane," Old High German stoc "tree trunk, stick," German Stock "stick, cane;" also Dutch stuk, German Stück "piece"), from PIE *(s)teu- (see steep (adj.)).

Meaning "ancestry, family" (late 14c.) is a figurative use of the "tree trunk" sense (cf. family tree). This is also the root of the meaning "heavy part of a tool," and "part of a rifle held against the shoulder" (1540s). Stock, lock, and barrel "the whole of a thing" is recorded from 1817. Meaning "framework on which a boat was constructed" (early 15c.) led to figurative phrase on stocks "planned and commenced" (1660s). Stock-still (late 15c.) is literally "as still as a tree trunk."
stock (n.2): "supply for future use" (early 15c.), "sum of money" (mid-15c.), Middle English developments of stock (n.1), but the ultimate sense connection is uncertain. Perhaps the notion is of the "trunk" from which gains are an outgrowth, or obsolete sense of "money-box" (c.1400). Meaning "subscribed capital of a corporation" is from 1610s.

Stock exchange is attested from 1773. In stock "in the possession of a trader" is from 1610s. Meaning "broth made by boiling meat or vegetables" is from 1764. Theatrical use, in reference to a company regularly acting together at a given theater, is attested from 1761. Taking stock "making an inventory" is attested from 1736. As the collective term for the movable property of a farm, it is recorded from 1510s; hence livestock.
stock (v.): "to supply (a store) with stock," 1620s, from stock (n.2). Related: Stocked; stocking.
stock (adj.): in reference to conversation or literature, "recurring, commonplace" (e.g. stock phrase), 1738, from stock (n.2) on notion of "kept in store for constant use."
stock car (n.): racing car with a basic chassis of an ordinary commercially produced vehicle, 1914, American English, from stock (n.2) + car.
stock market: "place where securities are bought and sold, 1809, from stock (n.2) + market. The original Stock Market (mid-14c.) was a fish and meat market in the City of London on or near the later site of Mansion House, so called perhaps because it occupied the site of a former stocks.]
stockade (n.): 1610s, "a barrier of stakes," from Spanish estacada, from estaca "stake," from a Germanic source (cf. Old English staca, see stake (n.1)). Meaning "prison, especially on a military post" first recorded 1865.
stockbroker: 1706, from stock (n.2) + broker.
stockholder (n.): 1753, from stock (n.2) + agent noun from hold.
Stockholm Syndrome: 1978, a psychologists' term; the name derives from the Aug. 23, 1973, violent armed robbery of Sveriges Kreditbank in Stockholm, Sweden, after which four bank employees were held hostage in a vault for more than five days. The hostages developed a dramatic attachment to their abuser, and a fear of would-be rescuers, that they could not explain. The city arose mid-13c. from a fishing village; the second element in the name is holm "island;" the first is either stäk "bay" or stock "stake, pole."
stocking (n.): "close-fitting garment covering the foot and leg," 1580s, from stocka "leg covering, stock," from Old English stocu "sleeve," related to Old English stocc "trunk, log" (see stock (n.1)). Probably so called because of a fancied resemblance of legs to tree trunks, or a reference to the punishing stocks. Cognates include Old Norse stuka, Old High German stuhha, from the same Proto-Germanic source. Restriction to women's hose is 20c. As a receptacle for Christmas presents, attested from 1853; hence stocking stuffer first recorded 1976.
stockpile (n.): 1872, from stock (n.2) + pile. Originally a term in mining. The verb is attested from 1921. Extended to general use during World War II.
stocks: instrument of punishment, early 14c., from stock (n.1).
stocky (adj.): c.1400, "made of wood," from stock (n.1). Of plants, "of stout and sturdy growth" (not weedy) it is recorded from 1620s. Of persons, "thick-set," 1670s, suggestive of tree trunks, but cf. also stock in sense of "trunk of the human body" (late 14c.).
stodgy: 1823, "of a thick, semi-solid consistency," from stodge "to stuff" (1670s), of unknown origin, perhaps somehow imitative. Meaning "dull, heavy" developed by 1874 from noun sense of stodge applied to food (1825).
stogie (n.): also stogy, 1847, "rough, heavy kind of shoe," later "long, cheap cigar" (1873), both shortened from Conestoga, rural region near Lancaster, Pennsylvania; both items so-called because favored by drivers of the Conestoga style of covered wagons first made there.
stoic (n.): late 14c., "philosopher of the school founded by Zeno," from Latin stoicus, from Greek stoikos "pertaining to a member of or the teachings of the school founded by Zeno (c.334-c.262 B.C.E.), characterized by austere ethical doctrines," literally "pertaining to a portico," from stoa "porch," specifically Stoa Poikile "the Painted Porch," the great hall in Athens (decorated with frescoes depicting the Battle of Marathon) where Zeno taught (see stoa). Meaning "person who represses feelings or endures patiently" first recorded 1570s. The adjective is recorded from 1590s in the "repressing feelings" sense, c.1600 in the philosophical sense.
stoical: mid-15c., in reference to philosophers, from stoic + -al (2). Related: Stoically. From 1570s as "indifferent to pleasure or pain."
stoichiometry (n.): 1807, from Greek stoikheion "element" + -metry. Related: Stoichiometric.
stoicism: 1620s, from Modern Latin stoicismus, from Latin stoicus (see stoic).
stoke (v.): 1650s (implied in stoker), "to feed and stir up a fire in a fireplace," from Dutch stoken "to stoke," from Middle Dutch stoken "to poke, thrust," related to stoc "stick, stump," from Proto-Germanic *stok-, variant of *stik-, *stek- "pierce, prick" (see stick (v.)). Stoked "enthusiastic" recorded in surfer slang by 1963, but the extension of the word to persons is older:
Having "stoked up," as the men called it, the brigades paraded at 10.30 a.m., ready for the next stage of the march. ["Cassell's History of the Boer War," 1901]
stoker: 1650s, agent noun from stoke (v.).
stola: Latin, from Greek stole (see stole).
stole (n.): Old English stole "long robe, scarf-like garment worn by clergymen," from Latin stola "robe, vestment," from Greek stole "a long robe;" originally "garment, equipment," from root of stellein "to place, array," with a secondary sense of "to put on" robes, etc., from PIE root *stel- "to put, stand" (see stall (n.1)). Meaning "women's long garment of fur or feathers" is attested from 1889.