Online Etymology Dictionary

starch (n.): "pasty substance used to stiffen cloth," mid-15c., from starch (v.). Figurative sense of "stiffness of manner" is recorded from 1705.
starchy (adj.): 1802, from starch + -y (2). Related: Starchily; starchiness.
stardom: 1865, from star in the performance sense + -dom.
stare (v.): Old English starian "to look fixedly at," from Proto-Germanic *star- "be rigid" (cf. Old Norse stara, Middle Low German and Middle Dutch staren, Old High German staren, German starren "to stare at;" German starren "to stiffen," starr "stiff;" Old Norse storr "proud;" Old High German storren "to stand out, project;" Gothic andstaurran "to be obstinate"), from PIE root *ster- "strong, firm, stiff, rigid" (cf. Lithuanian storas "thick," stregti "to become frozen;" Sanskrit sthirah "hard, firm;" Persian suturg "strong;" Old Church Slavonic staru "old;" cf. sterile and torpor). Not originally implying rudeness. Related: Stared; staring.
stare (n.): "starling," from Old English (see starling).
stare decisis: Latin, literally "to stand by things decided."
starfish (n.): 1530s, from star (n.) + fish (n.).
stark (adj.): Old English stearc "stiff, strong" (related to starian "to stare"), from Proto-Germanic *starkaz (cf. Old Norse sterkr, Old Frisian sterk, Middle Dutch starc, Old High German starah, German stark, Gothic *starks), from PIE root *ster- "stiff, rigid" (see stare).

Meaning "utter, sheer, complete" first recorded c.1400, perhaps from influence of common phrase stark dead (late 14c.), with stark mistaken as an intensive adjective. Sense of "bare, barren" is from 1833. Stark naked (1520s) is from Middle English start naked (early 13c.), from Old English steort "tail, rump." Hence British slang starkers "naked" (1923).
starlet (n.): 1830, "small star," from star (n.) + diminutive suffix -let. Meaning "promising young female performer" is from 1920.
starlight (n.): late 14c., from star (n.) + light (n.).
starling (n.): Old English stærlinc, with diminutive suffix -linc, from stær "starling," from Proto-Germanic *staraz (cf. Old English stearn, Old Norse stari, Norwegian stare, Old High German stara, German star "starling"), from PIE *storo- (cf. Latin sturnus "starling," Old Prussian starnite "gull").
starry (adj.): late 14c., from star + -y (2). Starry-eyed "unrealistically optimistic" is attested from 1884; earlier descriptive of bright eyes. Related: Starrily; starriness.
Stars and Stripes (n.): "American flag," attested from 1782. Stars and Bars as a name for the Confederate flag is attested from 1863. Star-spangled is attested from 1590s; Star-Spangled Banner "United States flag" is 1814, from Francis Scott Key's poem (printed in the "Baltimore Patriot" Sept. 20).
starship (n.): 1934 (in "Astounding Stories"), from star (n.) + ship (n.).
start (v.): Old English *steortian, *stiertan, Kentish variants of styrtan "to leap up" (related to starian "to stare"), from Proto-Germanic *sturtjan- (cf. Old Frisian stirta "to fall, tumble," Middle Dutch sterten, Dutch storten "to rush, fall," Old High German sturzen, German stürzen "to hurl, throw, plunge"), of unknown origin.

From "move or spring suddenly," sense evolved by late 14c. to "awaken suddenly, flinch or recoil in alarm," and 1660s to "cause to begin acting or operating." Meaning "begin to move, leave, depart" is from 1821. The connection is probably from sporting senses ("to force an animal from its lair," late 14c.).

Related: Started; starting. To start something "cause trouble" is 1917, American English colloquial. Starting block first recorded 1937.
start (n.): late 14c., "a sudden movement," from start (v.); meaning "act of beginning to build a house" is from 1946. That of "opportunity at the beginning of a career or course of action" is from 1849. False start first attested 1850.
start-up (n.): also startup, 1550s, "upstart;" meaning "action of starting up" is from 1845. See start (v.) + up (adv.).
starter (n.): c.1400, stertour "instigator; one who starts," agent noun from start (v.). For starters "to begin with" is 1873, American English colloquial. Starter home is from 1976; starter set is from 1946, originally of china.
startle (v.): c.1300, "run to and fro," frequentative of sterten (see start (v.)). Sense of "move suddenly in surprise or fear" first recorded 1520s. Transitive meaning "frighten suddenly" is from 1590s. The word retains more of the original meaning of start (v.). Related: Startled; startling.
starvation (n.): 1778, noun of action from starve. Famously introduced in English by Henry Dundas during debate in the House of Commons in 1775 on American affairs. It earned him the nickname "Starvation Dundas," though sources disagree on whether this was given in objection to the harshness of his suggestion of starving the rebels into submission or in derision at the barbarous formation of the word. It is one of the earliest instances of -ation used with a native Germanic word.
As to Lord Chatham, the victories, conquests, extension of our empire within these last five years, will annihilate his fame of course, and he may be replaced by Starvation Dundas, whose pious policy suggested that the devil of rebellion could be expelled only by fasting, though that never drove him out of Scotland. [Horace Walpole, letter to the Rev. William Mason, April 25, 1781]
starve (v.): Old English steorfan "to die" (past tense stearf, past participle storfen), from Proto-Germanic *sterban "be stiff" (cf. Old Frisian sterva, Dutch sterven, Old High German sterban "to die," Old Norse stjarfi "tetanus"), from PIE root *ster- "stiff, rigid" (cf. Greek sterphnios "stiff, rigid," sterphos "hide, skin," Old Church Slavonic strublu "strong, hard;" see stare).

The conjugation became weak in English by 16c. The sense narrowed to "die of cold" (14c.); meaning "to kill with hunger" is first recorded 1520s (earlier to starve of hunger, early 12c.). Intransitive sense of "to die of hunger" dates from 1570s. German cognate sterben retains the original sense of the word, but the English has come so far from its origins that starve to death (1910) is now common.
stash (v.): "to conceal, hide," 1797, criminals' slang, of unknown origin, perhaps a blend of stow and cache. Related: Stashed; stashing.
stash (n.): "hoard, cache," 1914, from stash (v.). Slang sense of "personal supply of narcotics" is from 1942.
stasis (n.): 1745, from Medical Latin, from Greek stasis "a standing still," related to statos "placed," verbal adjective of histemi "cause to stand," from PIE root *sta- "to stand" (see stet).
stat (n.): "instrument that keeps something stationary," before 1970, shortened form of Latin statim (adv.), originally "to a standstill," from status (see state (n.1)).
state (n.1): early 13c., "circumstances, temporary attributes of a person or thing, conditions," from Latin status "manner of standing, position, condition," noun of action from past participle stem of stare "to stand" from PIE root *sta- "to stand" (see stet). Some Middle English senses are via Old French estat (French état; see estate).

The Latin word was adopted into other modern Germanic languages (e.g. German, Dutch staat) but chiefly in the political senses only. Meaning "physical condition as regards form or structure" is attested from late 13c. Meaning "mental or emotional condition" is attested from 1530s (phrase state of mind first attested 1749); colloquial sense of "agitated or perturbed state" is from 1837.
He [the President] shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. [U.S. Constitution, Article II, Section iii]
state (v.): 1590s, "to set in a position," from state (n.1); the sense of "declare in words" is first attested 1640s, from the notion of "placing" something on the record. Related: Stated; stating.
state (n.2): "political organization of a country, supreme civil power, government," 1530s, from state (n.1); this sense grew out of the meaning "condition of a country" with regard to government, prosperity, etc. (late 13c.), from Latin phrases such as status rei publicæ "condition of the republic." Often in phrase church and state, which is attested from 1580s.

The sense of "semi-independent political entity under a federal authority" (as in the United States of America) is from 1856; the British North American colonies occasionally were called states as far back as 1630s. The states has been short for "the United States of America" since 1777; hence stateside (1944), World War II U.S. military slang. State rights in U.S. political sense is attested from 1798; form states rights is first recorded 1858.
state-of-the-art (adj.): 1967, from noun phrase (1910), earlier status of the art (1889). The phrase itself was in use from mid-19c.
statehood (n.): 1819, from state (n.) + -hood.
stately (adj.): "noble, splendid," late 14c., from state (n.1) in a sense of "costly and imposing display" (such as benefits a person of rank and wealth), early 14c.; a sense also preserved in the phrase to lie in state "to be ceremoniously exposed to view before interment" (1705). Hence also stateroom.
statement (n.): 1775, from state (v.) + -ment.
stater (n.): ancient coin, late 14c., from Greek stater, from histanai "to fix, to place in a balance," hence "to weigh;" literally "to cause to stand" (see stet).
stateroom (n.): 1703, room reserved for ceremonial occasions; earlier (1650s) "a captain's cabin;" from state (n.1) in a sense also preserved in stately + room (n.).
statesman (n.): 1590s, after French homme d'état; see state (n.1) + man (n.).
static (adj.): 1640s (earlier statical, 1560s), "pertaining to the science of weight and its mechanical effects," from Modern Latin statica, from Greek statikos "causing to stand, skilled in weighing," from stem of histanai "to make to stand, set; to place in the balance, weigh," from PIE root *sta- "stand" (see stet). The sense of "having to do with bodies at rest or with forces that balance each other" is first recorded 1802. Applied to frictional electricity from 1839.
static (n.): "random radio noise," 1912, from static (adj.). Figurative sense of "aggravation, criticism" is attested from 1926.
station (v.): "to assign a post or position to," 1748, from station (n.). Related: Stationed; stationing.
station (n.): late 13c., "place which one normally occupies," from Old French station, from Latin stationem (nominative statio) "a standing, post, job, position," related to stare "to stand," from PIE root *sta- "to stand" (see stet).

The meaning "place for a special purpose" (e.g. polling station) is first recorded 1823; radio station is from 1912. The meaning "regular stopping place" is first recorded 1797, in reference to coach routes; applied to railroads 1830. Meaning "each of a number of holy places visited in succession by pilgrims" is from late 14c., hence Station of the Cross (1550s).

Station wagon in the automobile sense is first recorded 1929, from earlier use for a horse-drawn conveyance that took passengers to and from railroad stations (1894). Station house "police station" is attested from 1836.
stationary (adj.): late 14c., in relation to planetary motions, from Latin stationarius, in classical Latin, "of a military station," from statio (see station).
stationer (n.): "bookdealer, seller of books and paper," early 14c. (late 13c. as a surname), from Medieval Latin stationarius "stationary seller," from Latin stationem (nominative statio) "station" (see station).
stationery (n.): 1727, from stationery wares (c.1680) "articles sold by a stationer," from stationer "seller of books and paper" (q.v.). Roving peddlers were more common in the Middle Ages; sellers with a fixed location were often bookshops licensed by universities. The Company of Stationers, one of the Livery Companies of the City of London, was founded 1556.
statism (n.): c.1600, in reference to church-state matters; 1919 as the opposite of individualism; from state (n.) + -ism.
statist (n.): 1580s, "statesman;" 1976 as "supporter of statism;" 1960 as an adjective in this sense; from state (n.) + -ist.
statistic (n.): "quantitative fact or statement," 1880; see statistics.
statistical (adj.): 1787, from statistic + -al (1). Related: Statistically.
statistician (n.): 1825, from statistic + -ian.
statistics (n.): 1770, "science dealing with data about the condition of a state or community," from German Statistik, popularized and perhaps coined by German political scientist Gottfried Aschenwall (1719-1772) in his "Vorbereitung zur Staatswissenschaft" (1748), from Modern Latin statisticum (collegium) "(lecture course on) state affairs," from Italian statista "one skilled in statecraft," from Latin status (see state (n.1)). Meaning "numerical data collected and classified" is from 1829. Abbreviated form stats first recorded 1961.
stator (n.): 1895, from Latin stator, agent noun from stare "to stand" (see stay (v.)).
statuary (n.): 1580s, "statue sculptor," from Latin statuarius, from statua (see statue). Meaning "statues collectively" is from 1670s.