Online Etymology Dictionary

short-lived (adj.): 1580s, from short (adj.) + past tense of live (v.).
short-order: in restaurant jargon, "to be made quickly," 1906, from short (adj.) + order (n.). First attested in an O. Henry story.
short-sighted (adj.): also shortsighted, 1640s, of eyesight; 1620s in the sense "lacking foresight;" see short + sight. Related: Shortsightedly; shortsightedness.
short-sleeve: 1639, from short (adj.) + sleeve. First recorded in an ordinance of Massachusetts Bay colony, forbidding "short sleeves, whereby the nakedness of the arme may be discovered."
short-term (adj.): 1901, from short (adj.) + term (n.).
short-timer (n.): "one whose term or enlistment is about to expire," 1906, from short (adj.) + time (n.) + agent noun ending.
short-wave: "radio wavelength less than c.100 meters," 1907, from short (adj.) + wave.
shortage (n.): 1868, American English, from short + -age.
shortbread (n.): 1801, from short (see shortening) + bread (n.).
shortcake (n.): 1590s, from short (see shortening) + cake (n.).
shortcoming (n.): 1670s, from the phrase to come short "be inadequate" (1570s); see short (adj.). Related: Shortcomings.
shortcut (n.): "path not as long as the ordinary way," 1610s, from short (adj.) + cut (n.). Figurative use is older (1580s).
shorten (v.): 1510s, from short (adj.) + -en (1); the earlier form of the verb was simply short, from Old English sceortian "to grow short," gescyrtan "to make short."
shortening (n.): "butter or other fat used in baking," 1796, from shorten "make crumbly" (1733), from short in the secondary sense of "easily crumbled" (early 15c.), which perhaps arose via the notion of "having short fibers." This is also the sense behind shortbread and shortcake.
shortfall (n.): 1895, from short (adj.) + fall.
shorthand (n.): method of rapid writing, 1636, from short (adj.) + hand (n.) as in handwriting. Short-handed "having too few 'hands' " is from 1794; the ice hockey sense is recorded from 1939.
shortlist (v.): "to place (someone) on the 'short list' " for advancement or preferment, 1955, from short list (n.) in this sense, which is attested by 1927.
shortly (adv.): Old English scortlice "briefly," also, in late Old English, "in short time;" from short (adj.) + -ly (2).
shorts (n.): "short pants," 1826, from short (adj.). Short-shorts is attested from 1946, originally men's briefs.
shortstop (n.): 1837, from short (adj.) + stop. In cricket, there also is a longstop.
shorty (n.): "short person," 1888, from short (adj.) + -y (3).
Shoshone: Uto-Aztecan people of the Great Basin, of unknown origin, first applied 19c. to eastern Shoshonis of Wyoming.
shot (n.): Old English scot, sceot "an act of shooting, that which is discharged in shooting," from Proto-Germanic *skutan (cf. Old Norse skutr, Old Frisian skete, Middle Dutch scote, German Schuß "a shot"), related to sceotan "to shoot" (see shoot).

Meaning "discharge of a bow, missile," is from Old English gesceot; extended to other projectiles in Middle English, and to sports (hockey, basketball, etc.) 1868. Another original meaning, "payment," is preserved in scot-free. Meaning "drink of straight liquor" first attested 1670s. Meaning "try, attempt" is from 1756; adjectival sense of "exhausted" is from 1930. Sense of "hypodermic injection" first attested 1904; figurative phrase shot in the arm "stimulant" first recorded 1922. Meaning "remark meant to wound" is recorded from 1841; hence cheap shot (1973). To call the shots is first attested 1967; shot in the dark is from 1895.
shotgun (n.): 1828, American English, from shot (n.) in the sense of "lead in small pellets" (1770) + gun (n.). As distinguished from a rifle, which fires bullets. Shotgun wedding first attested 1903, American English.
shotten (adj.): "having shot its spawn," and accordingly of inferior value, mid-15c., from past participle of shoot (v.). Originally of fish; applied to persons, with sense of "exhausted by sickness," from 1590s.
should: c.1200, from Old English sceolde, past tense of sceal (see shall). Preserves the original notion of "obligation" that has all but dropped from shall.
shoulder (n.): Old English sculdor, from West Germanic *skuldro (cf. Middle Dutch scouder, Dutch schouder, Old Frisian skoldere, Middle Low German scholder, Old High German scultra, German Schulter), of unknown origin, perhaps related to shield (n.). Meaning "edge of the road" is attested from 1933. Cold shoulder (Neh. ix:29) translates Latin humerum recedentum dare in Vulgate (but see cold shoulder).
shoulder (v.): c.1300, "to push with the shoulder," from shoulder (n.). Meaning "take a burden" first recorded 1580s. Related: Shouldered; shouldering.
shout (v.): c.1300, schowten "to call or cry out loudly," of unknown origin; perhaps from the root of shoot, on the notion of "throw the voice out loudly," or related to Old Norse skuta "a taunt." Related: Shouted; shouting.
shout (n.): late 14c., from shout (v.).
shove (v.): Old English scufan "push away" (class II strong verb; past tense sceaf, past participle scoven), from Proto-Germanic *skeub-, *skub- (cf. Old Norse skufa, Old Frisian skuva, Dutch schuiven, Old High German scioban, German schieben "to push, thrust," Gothic af-skiuban) "to put away," from PIE root *skeubh- "to shove" (cf. scuffle, shuffle, shovel; likely cognates outside Germanic include Lithuanian skubti "to make haste," skubinti "to hasten"). Related: Shoved; shoving. Replaced by push in all but colloquial and nautical usage. Shove off "leave" (1844) is from boating.
shove (n.): c.1300; see shove (v.).
shovel (n.): Old English scofl, sceofol, related to scufan (see shove (v.)), from Proto-Germanic *skublo (cf. Old Saxon skufla, Swedish skovel, Middle Low German schufle, Middle Dutch shuffel, Dutch schoffel, Old High German scuvala, German Schaufel). Shovel-ready, with reference to construction projects, is attested by 2006.
shovel (v.): mid-15c., from shovel (n.). Related: Shoveled; shoveling.
show (v.): Old English sceawian "to look at, see," from West Germanic *skauwojanan (cf. Old Saxon skauwon "to look at," Old Frisian skawia, Dutch schouwen, Old High German scouwon "to look at;" Dutch schoon, Gothic skaunjai "beautiful," originally "conspicuous"), from Proto-Germanic root *skau- "behold, look at," from PIE *skou-, variant of root *skeue- "to pay attention, perceive" (see caveat). Causal meaning "let be seen, put in sight, make known" evolved c.1200 for unknown reasons and is unique to English (German schauen still means "look at"). Spelling shew, popular 18c. and surviving into early 19c., represents obsolete pronunciation (rhymes with view).
show (n.): c.1300, "act of exhibiting to view," from show (v.). Sense of "appearance put on with intention to deceive" is recorded from 1520s. Meaning "display, spectacle" is first recorded 1560s; that of "ostentatious display" is from 1713 (showy is from 1712). Sense of "entertainment program on radio or TV" is first recorded 1932. Meaning "third place in a horse race" is from 1925, American English. Show of hands is attested from 1789; Phrase for show "for appearance's sake" is from c.1700. Show business is attested from 1850; shortened form show biz first attested 1945. Expression the show must go on is first attested 1941. Show-stopper is from 1926; show trial first recorded 1937.
show up (v.): "arrive," 1888, see show (v.). Meaning "to disgrace through exposure" is attested from 1826.
show-and-tell (n.): elementary school teaching tool, 1948, American English.
show-down (n.): 1904, from poker players' slang term for the act of laying down the hands face-up (1892); see show (v.).
show-off (n.): 1776, "a display;" see show (v.) + off (adv.). In reference to the person who makes an ostentatious display, attested from 1924. The verbal phrase is first recorded 1793.
showboat: 1869, "river steamer on which theatrical performances are given," from show (n.) + boat. The verb meaning "to show off" is attested from 1951.
showcase (n.): "glass case for exhibiting valuable things," 1835, from show (v.) + case (n.2). In the extended, theatrical sense, it is attested from 1937. The verb is first recorded 1945. Related: Showcased; showcasing.
showdown: 1892, from card-playing (especially poker), from show + down. Figurative sense is from 1904.
shower (n.): Old English scur "short fall of rain, fall of missiles or blows," from West Germanic *skuraz (cf. Old Norse skur, Old Saxon and Old High German scur, German Schauer, Gothic skura, in skura windis "windstorm"), from *skuro, from PIE root *kew-(e)ro- "north, north wind" (cf. Latin caurus "northwest wind;" Old Church Slavonic severu "north, north wind;" Lithuanian siaurus "raging, stormy," siaurys "north wind," siaure "north"). Sense of "shower bath" first recorded 1851. Meaning "large number of gifts bestowed on a bride" (1904, American English colloquial) later was extended to the party at which it happens (1926).
shower (v.): 1570s, from shower (n.). Related: Showered; showering.
showgirl (n.): "actress whose role is decorative rather than histrionic" [OED], 1836, from show (v.) + girl.
showmanship (n.): 1859, from showman "one who presents shows" (1734); see show (n.).
showroom (n.): "room for displaying furniture for sale," 1610s, from show (v.) + room (n.).
showy (adj.): 1712, from show + -y (2). Related: Showiness.
shrapnel (n.): 1806, from Gen. Henry Shrapnel (1761-1842), who invented a type of exploding, fragmenting shell when he was a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery during the Peninsular War. The invention consisted of a hollow cannon ball, filled with shot, which burst in mid-air; his name for it was spherical case ammunition. Sense of "shell fragments" is first recorded 1940. The surname is attested from 13c., and is believed to be a metathesized form of Charbonnel, a diminutive form of Old French charbon "charcoal," in reference to complexion, hair color, or some other quality.