Online Etymology Dictionary

-later: word-forming element meaning "worshipper," from Greek -latres "worshipper of," related to latreia "worship" (see -latry).
-latry: word-forming element meaning "worship of," used as an element in native formations from 19c. (e.g. bardolatry), from Greek -latreia "worship, service paid to the gods, hired labor," related to latron (n.) "pay, hire," latris "servant, worshipper," from PIE *le- "to get" (see larceny).
-less: word-forming element meaning "lacking, cannot be, does not," from Old English -leas, from leas "free (from), devoid (of), false, feigned," from Proto-Germanic *lausaz (cf. Dutch -loos, German -los "-less," Old Norse lauss "loose, free, vacant, dissolute," Middle Dutch los, German los "loose, free," Gothic laus "empty, vain"). Related to loose and lease.
-ling: diminutive word-forming element, early 14c., from Old English -ling a nominal suffix (not originally diminutive), from Proto-Germanic *-linga-; attested in historical Germanic languages as a simple suffix, but probably representing a fusion of the suffixes represented by English -le (cf. icicle, thimble, handle), from Old English -ol, -ul, -el; and -ing, suffix indicating "person or thing of a specific kind or origin;" in masculine nouns also "son of" (cf. farthing, atheling, Old English horing "adulterer, fornicator").

Both these suffixes had occasional diminutive force, but this was only slightly evident in Old English -ling and its equivalents in Germanic languages except Norse, where it commonly was used as a diminutive suffix, especially in words designating the young of animals (e.g. gæslingr "gosling"). Thus it is possible that the diminutive use that developed in Middle English is from Old Norse.
-lite: word-forming element meaning "stone," from French -lite, variant of -lithe, from Greek lithos "stone" (see litho-).
-lith: word-forming element meaning "stone, rock," from Modern Latin -lithus or French -lithe (see -lith).
-logue: word-forming element meaning "one who is immersed in or driven by," mostly from French-derived words, ultimately from Greek -logos, -logon. Now mostly superseded by -loger, -logist except in ideologue and a few others. As a combining element meaning "kind of discourse," it is from French -logue, from Greek -logos.
-logy: word-forming element meaning "a speaking, discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science," from Greek -logia (often via French -logie or Medieval Latin -logia), from root of legein "to speak;" thus, "the character or deportment of one who speaks or treats of (a certain subject);" see lecture (n.).
-long: adverbial suffix indicating direction, from Old Norse -langr, from langr "long" (adj.); see long (adj.). Displaced native -ling.
-ly (1): suffix forming adjectives from nouns and meaning "having qualities of, appropriate to, fitting;" irregularly descended from Old English -lic, from Proto-Germanic *-liko- (cf. Old Frisian -lik, Dutch -lijk, Old High German -lih, German -lich, Old Norse -ligr), related to *likom- "appearance, form" (cf. Old English lich "corpse, body;" see lich, which is a cognate; cf. also like (adj.), with which it is identical).
-ly (2): adverbial suffix, Middle English, from Old English -lice, from Proto-Germanic *-liko- (cf. Old Frisian -like, Old Saxon -liko, Dutch -lijk, Old High German -licho, German -lich, Old Norse -liga, Gothic -leiko); see -ly (1). Cognate with lich, and identical with like (adj.).

Weekley notes as "curious" that Germanic uses a word essentially meaning "body" for the adverbial formation, while Romanic uses one meaning "mind" (e.g. French constamment from Latin constanti mente). The modern English form emerged in late Middle English, probably from influence of Old Norse -liga.
-lyse: see -lyze.
-lysis: scientific/medical word-forming element meaning "loosening, dissolving, dissolution," from Greek lysis "a loosening, setting free, releasing, dissolution," from lyein "to unfasten, loose, loosen, untie" (see lose).
-lytic: word-forming element used in making adjectives corresponding to nouns in -lysis, from Greek -lytikos, from lytikos "able to loose, loosing," from lytos "loosed," verbal adjective of lyein "to unfasten, loose, loosen, untie" (see lose).
-lyze: word-forming element for making verbs corresponding to nouns in -lysis. Chiefly U.S.; the British preferring -lyse.
L: Roman letter, from Greek lambda, from Semitic lamed. The shape of the Roman letter is an early one in Greek, adopted before it was superseded in Greek by the inverted form which became the Greek lambda.
L.A.: abbreviation for Los Angeles, attested from 1949.
L.L.: contraction of Latin legum "of laws, in degrees;" e.g. L.L.D., which stands for Legum Doctor "Doctor of Laws." Plural abbreviations in Latin formed by doubling the letter.
l.s.d.: abbreviation of British currency units, from Latin librae, soldi, denarii, Roman equivalent of "pounds, shillings, pence."
la: musical note (sixth note of the diatonic scale), early 14c., see gamut. It represents the initial syllable of Latin labii "of the lips."
la-di-da: mocking of affected gentility, 1874, in derisive imitation of "swell" way of talking.
la-la: nonsense refrain in songs, probably from Old English la, a common exclamation; but la-la is imitative of babbling speech in many languages (cf. Greek lalage "babble, prattle," Sanskrit lalalla "imitation of stammering" Latin lallare "to sing to sleep, lull," German lallen "to stammer," Lithuanian laluoti "to stammer").
La-Z-Boy: brand of recliner chair, named 1929, Floral City Furniture Co., Monroe, Michigan, U.S. According to company lore, chosen from names submitted in a contest.
lab (n.): shortened form of laboratory, 1895.
labefaction (n.): 1610s, "process of shaking; downfall," noun of action from Latin labefactus, past participle of labefacere "to cause to totter, shake; overthrow," from labi "to slip, slide" (see lapse) + facere "to make, do" (see factitious). Related: Labefy.
label (n.): c.1300, "narrow band or strip of cloth" (oldest use is as a technical term in heraldry), from Old French label, lambel "ribbon, fringe worn on clothes" (13c., Modern French lambeau "strip, rag, shred, tatter"), possibly from Frankish *labba or some other Germanic source (cf. Old High German lappa "flap"), from Proto-Germanic *lapp- (see lap (n.)).

Later "dangling strip of cloth or ribbon used as an ornament in dress," "strip attached to a document to hold a seal" (both early 15c.), and with a general meaning "tag, sticker, slip of paper" (1670s). Meaning "circular piece of paper in the center of a gramophone record" (1907), containing information about the recorded music, led to meaning "a recording company" (1947).
label (v.): "to affix a label to," c.1600, see label (n.); figurative sense of "to categorize" is from 1853. Related: Labeled; labeling; labelled; labelling.
labia (n.): from Latin labia, plural of labium "lip" (see lip (n.)). Specifically of the folds on either side of the vulva from 1630s (labia pudendi).
labia majora (n.): the outer fold of skin around the vulva, 1813, Modern Latin, literally "great lips" (see labia). The singular is labium majus.
labia minora (n.): inner folds of skin around the vulva, 1781, Modern Latin, literally "lesser lips" (see labia). The singular is labium minus.
labial (adj.): "pertaining to the lips," 1590s, from Medieval Latin labialis "having to do with the lips," from Latin labium "lip" (see lip (n.)). The noun meaning “a labial sound” is from 1660s. Related: Labially.
labiate (adj.): "having a lip or lip-like part," 1706, from Modern Latin labiatus "lipped," from Latin labium "lip" (see lip (n.)).
labio-: word-forming element in medical use, taken as a comb. form of Latin labium "lip" (see lip (n.)).
labium (n.): 1590s, plural labia, from Latin labium "lip" (see lip (n.)).
labonza (n.): "belly," 1943, American English slang, probably from dialectal pronunciation of Italian la pancia "the belly," from Latin pantex (genitive panticis) "belly" (see paunch).
labor (n.): c.1300, "a task, a project;" later "exertion of the body; trouble, difficulty, hardship" (late 14c.), from Old French labor "labor, toil, work, exertion, task" (12c., Modern French labeur), from Latin laborem (nominative labor) "labor, toil, exertion; hardship, pain, fatigue; a work, a product of labor," of uncertain origin, perhaps originally from the notion of "tottering under a burden," and related to labere "to totter."

Meaning "body of laborers considered as a class" (usually contrasted to capitalists) is from 1839. Sense of "physical exertions of childbirth" is 1590s, earlier labour of birthe (early 15c.), a sense also found in Old French, and cf. French en travail "in (childbirth) suffering" (see travail). Labor Day first marked 1882 in New York City.
labor (v.): late 14c., "perform manual or physical work; work hard; keep busy; take pains, strive, endeavor" (also "copulate"), from Old French laborer "work, toil; struggle, have difficulty," from Latin laborare, from labor (see labor (n.)). The verb in modern French, Spanish, Portuguese means "to plow;" the wider sense being taken by the equivalent of English travail. Sense of "to endure pain, suffer" is early 15c., especially in phrase labor of child. Related: Labored; laboring.
laboratory (n.): c.1600, "building set apart for scientific experiments," from Medieval Latin laboratorium "a place for labor or work," from Latin laboratus, past participle of laborare "to work" (see labor (n.)). Figurative use by 1660s.
labored (adj.): also laboured, "learned," mid-15c., past participle adjective from labor (v.). Meaning "done with much labor" is from c.1600.
laborer (n.): mid-14c., "manual worker," especially an unskilled one, agent noun from labor (v.). Meaning "member of the working class, member of the lowest social rank" is from c.1400.
laborious (adj.): late 14c., "hard-working, industrious," from Old French laborios "arduous, wearisome; hard-working" (12c., Modern French laborieux), from Latin laboriosus "toilsome, wearisome, troublesome," from labor (see labor (n.)). Meaning "costing much labor, burdensome" is from early 15c.; meaning "resulting from hard work" is mid-15c. Related: Laboriousness.
laboriously (adv.): early 15c., "with difficulty, laboriously, slowly," from laborious + -ly (2). Meaning "earnestly, strongly" is from c.1500.
labour: chiefly British English spelling of labor (q.v.); for spelling, see -or. As short for "the British Labour Party" it is from 1906.
labourer (n.): chiefly British English spelling of laborer; for suffix, see -or.
Labrador: large province of eastern Canada, probably from Portuguese lavrador "landholder," perhaps in reference to 15c. Portuguese explorer Joao Fernandes, a landholder in the Azores. The name was first applied to Greenland. The breed of retriever dog so called from 1815. Related: Labradorian.
labret (n.): ornament inserted into a lip, 1843 (first reference is to Eskimo men), from Latin labrum "lip" (see labrum) + -et, as in anklet, bracelet, etc.
labrum (n.): lip or lip-like part, 1816, in various anatomical and zoological uses, from Latin labrum, cognate with labium "lip" (see lip (n.)). Also noted mid-15c. as the name of some herb.
laburnum (n.): 1570s, from Latin laburnum (Pliny), of unknown origin; perhaps from Etruscan.
labyrinth (n.): c.1400, laberynthe (late 14c. in Latinate form laborintus) "labyrinth, maze," figuratively "bewildering arguments," from Latin labyrinthus, from Greek labyrinthos "maze, large building with intricate passages," especially the structure built by Daedelus to hold the Minotaur near Knossos in Crete, from a pre-Greek language; perhaps related to Lydian labrys "double-edged axe," symbol of royal power, which fits with the theory that the labyrinth was originally the royal Minoan palace on Crete and meant "palace of the double-axe." Used in English for "maze" early 15c., and in figurative sense of "confusing state of affairs" (1540s).
labyrinthine (adj.): 1630s; see labyrinth + -ine (1). Earlier adjective forms were labyrinthian (1580s); labyrinthial (1540s).