Pennsylvania

Slavery in Pennsylvania
Slavery in Pennsylvania, from the beginning to the end

Emancipation in Pennsylvania
Slaves in Pennsylvania did not go directly to freedom; they usually passed through an indentured servitude that lasted much of their adult lives; this new form of pseudo-slavery altered the economy of the whole state

Pa. Abolition Act
Pennsylvania Abolition Act of 1780

Race in Pennsylvania
The causes and growth of racism in Pennsylvania after the end of slavery

Runaway Slaves
Pennsylvanians had an ambivalent attitude toward fugitive blacks. On the one hand, they deplored the crime and vice brought into the state by runaways. On the other hand, they rarely resisted a chance to show their dislike of slavery by aiding a fugitive

Thaddeus Stevens
The life and times of Pennsylvania's fiery anti-Southern Congressman

Some sidelights on Christiana
The Christiana Riot of 1851, in which runaway slaves and their allies killed their owner, is sometimes described at the first skirmish of the Civil War

"Keystone Confederates"
A number of Pennsylvanians fought for the South during the Civil War

Coatesville Lynching
Lynching was not limited to the South. Zach Walker was burned alive by a white mob in Coatesville, Pennsylvania

York Riots
A little-known but violent 1960s race riot in York, Pa.

Bibliography
A listing of some of the published sources consulted

2002 - Slavery in the North - Causes of the Civil War - The Confederate War - The War in the North - Race in America